Bandages on the stomach

Injuries to the abdomen and pelvis that involve the abdominal cavity are usually extremely life-threatening. It is known that in the limited space of the abdominal cavity there is a large number of internal organs and ligaments that support them. Human life directly depends on the integrity of these ligaments, tissues and organs.

Trauma, cuts, tears and fractures, fragments and foreign objects can cause blood loss, bacteria and infection, and even death. One of the methods of providing first aid to a person with such lesions is to apply a bandage to the abdomen.

What is abdominal trauma

The concept of “abdominal injury” refers to an extensive group of injuries localized in the abdominal cavity and pelvis. These lesions usually pose a serious threat to life. They can occur as a result of car accidents, catastrophes, natural disasters, stab and gunshot wounds, falls from a height and industrial accidents.

Abdominal wounds are divided into open and closed. In the first case, the integrity of the tissues of internal organs, bones, and skin is violated. A closed injury is the most dangerous form of damage, in which case all injuries are hidden and cannot be assessed visually, so providing adequate first aid is quite problematic.

In addition, trauma to the abdomen can occur with a violation of the integrity of internal organs without external manifestations.

Any type of damage to the abdominal cavity refers to life-threatening conditions of the human body, and requires mandatory medical care, most often surgical intervention.

This classification is the most common of the most common in medicine, but it does not reflect the full variety of existing types of injuries localized in the abdomen.

Usually, traumatologists and surgeons consider such types of abdominal lesions – closed:

• bruises of the abdominal wall;
• associated with damage to organs outside the abdominal cavity, for example, pelvic organs;
• with damage to the organs of the abdominal cavity;
• with internal bleeding;
• with ruptures of hollow organs and the threat of peritonitis;
• with combined injuries of hollow and parenchymal organs.

Open injuries can be non-penetrating, penetrating without damage to internal organs, penetrating with damage to organs. In addition, open wounds with a violation of the integrity of the skin are: deep, tangent, blind, through.

Closed injuries include intestinal ruptures, bruises of the abdominal wall, ruptures of the fascia and muscles in the cavity, damage to the liver and spleen, kidneys and pancreas, as well as ruptures of the bladder.

How to determine the type of abdominal injury

Specific algorithms of actions that are applicable to victims may differ significantly depending on the type of injury received.

Before providing first aid, you first need to determine what type of injury is present in the affected person. A penetrating wound can be determined by the presence of bleeding, abdominal organs protruding from the wound, or by leaking bile, urine, intestinal contents.

At the stage of first aid, any damage is considered penetrating for the convenience of providing medical measures.

How to determine the injury of hollow internal organs? Usually, the characteristic signs are acute cutting pain, which later turns into a dull, spreading throughout the abdomen, vomiting and thirst, the desire of the victim to lie down in the fetal position on his side, with his legs tucked under him, bent at the knees, an abnormal condition of the abdomen: its swelling, soreness, tight tightness, the abdomen becomes hard as a board.

Internal bleeding in abdominal lesions can be identified by the following signs:

• disturbance of consciousness, its sharp “jumps” from strong overexcitation to an unconscious state;
• pale, wet and cold skin;
• increased heart rate;
• lowering blood pressure;
• frequent and irregular breathing.

First aid for victims with abdominal wounds

Any action to provide assistance must be preceded by a call to the medical assistance team. It is necessary first to determine the presence of open bleeding, to assess the pulse and respiration rate of the victim. If bleeding is present, it is necessary to take measures to stop it – to apply special pressure bandages or apply finger clamping of damaged vessels.

The next step is to restore respiratory function. To do this, it is necessary to perform the procedure of artificial respiration and heart massage. First aid should be appropriate for the nature of the injuries.

If a blunt wound is suspected in a person, and he is conscious, the victim should be laid on his back, raising the area of ​​u30bu40bthe shoulders and head, and a soft roller should be placed under half-bent knees. A cold compress is placed on the abdomen. When vomiting, the victim should be laid on his side. If the patient is unconscious, similar actions should be performed, however, in this case, his legs should be raised by XNUMX-XNUMX centimeters.

Open abdominal injuries require primary disinfection of the skin around the wound. It is forbidden to set the prolapsed organs or intestinal loops inside, give the patient food or liquid, independently remove foreign objects from the wound, apply pressure bandages or cold compresses to the prolapsed organs.

Bandaging on the abdomen: types and techniques

If the patient has an open wound and organ prolapse, first aid should be primarily aimed at facilitating his transportation to a medical facility.

Around the falling parts of the intestine, it is necessary to place a “donut”, rolled up from a tight piece of cotton wool, wrapped on top in sterile gauze. Next, a wide, not tight bandage is applied to the wound. The main types of dressings used for wounding the abdomen:

• cleolic;
• spiral;
• spicate;
• corset;
• contour scarves;
• eight-shaped on the pelvic area.

Cleol bandages. They are superimposed on the wound area after the patient has received medical care, after a surgical operation.

Spiral or helical ligation

One of the most common types of dressings for wounds in the abdomen. Bandaging is done from top to bottom. In the upper abdomen, fixing circular tours of the bandage are carried out from the lower parts of the chest. In a spiral move, bandaging is carried out until the wound is completely covered. Each subsequent round of the bandage should overlap the previous one by two thirds of its width.

In the lower abdomen, fixing rounds of the bandage are carried out over the pubic joint in the pelvic area. Further, the spiral moves of the bandage go from bottom to top. Without additional fixation, such a bandage usually holds very weakly. If the spiral bandage covers the entire abdomen or its lower sections, it is combined with spike bandages.

Spike dressings: types and varieties

Bandaging of the hip joint and adjacent parts of the abdomen occurs in several ways, it requires a wide bandage. Tours of bandages cross along the line where the bandage is located, which most tightly fixes the dressing. Spike bandage can be: ascending, descending, anterior, posterior, lateral, bilateral.

When bandaging a left-sided injury, the head of the bandage must be held in the right hand, its end in the left. The bandage progresses from left to right. If the injury has a right-sided localization, bandaging is done the other way around.

Descending dressing begins with making several fixation rounds in the pelvic region, after which the bandage is transferred to the front surface of the thigh. On the inner lateral surface, bending around the thigh, the bandage goes to the outer lateral surface of the thigh. The bandage rises obliquely through the inguinal region, crossing it with the previous move, and goes to the side of the body. Wrapping the dressing over the surface of the back, it is led to the stomach. Further, all moves are repeated, each new level of the bandage is lower than the previous one. The fixation of the bandage occurs in circular motions along the abdomen.

The ascending spica bandage is applied according to the same principle, but from the bottom up. Firming tours are located in the upper third of the thigh, and the end of the bandage is fixed on the abdomen.

The lateral type of dressing is performed according to the described algorithm, but the bandages are crossed on the lateral surface of the hip joint. The double-sided bandage is also fixed on the abdomen. On the right, the bandage is led down in an oblique direction to the anterior surface of the left thigh. It goes around the thigh in a circle until it intersects with the previous round on its front surface. After passing the bandage along the back to the right side, it is directed down to the right thigh, go around it from the inside, crossing the previous move on the front surface. Thus, bandaging occurs with an upward shift until it covers the wound.

Corset bandages

They look like a corset with ribbons that run around the thigh. The affected person must be lifted once in order to put a corset under him, so the imposition of this type of bandage is extremely problematic in terms of first aid. Contour scarf bandages are applied similarly to corset ones.

Eight-shaped bandages on the pelvic region

They allow you to close the perineum and lower abdomen. The bandage is formed by bandaging through the hips along their upper part. In the crotch area, the bandage is crossed. Fixing rounds are carried out along the lower part of the abdominal cavity, circularly, that is, in a circle. Next, the bandage is fed into the area of ​​the right groin and perineum, goes around the back surface of the left thigh, goes to the front surface of the abdomen. After that, the bandage goes around the body, goes down to the left groin and perineum. Through the back surface of the right thigh, the bandage is again brought to the front of the abdomen, and the bandage moves are repeated in the same sequence. Bandages with this type of fixation are more reliable, they do not fall off the abdomen and thighs.

First aid for injuries to the abdominal cavity and pelvic region is a factor that often determines whether the victim will survive before the arrival of the ambulance. With open and penetrating wounds of the abdomen, one of the ways to help a person is to apply various types of dressings, mainly bandages, that is, done with a sterile medical bandage.

In total, more than 20 types of bandages for the abdomen are known to medicine, the most commonly used of which are spike-shaped, spiral, donut bandages used for bowel eventration, corsets, and kerchiefs. Each of these types has its own characteristics and implementation techniques that must be mastered when helping the victim. An improperly designed bandage can significantly worsen the patient’s condition, so for those who do not have experience and basic medical skills, it is better not to touch the victim.

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