Apple tree Sverdlovchanin: description, tree height, planting and care, photos, reviews

One of the dangers that can threaten apple trees is freezing in frosty winters. This is especially true for Siberia and the Urals. The apple tree variety Sverdlovchanin was bred specifically for the northern regions. In addition to cold resistance, it has other valuable qualities for gardeners.

Description of the apple variety Sverdlovchanin

The variety “Sverdlovchanin” is frost-resistant, this property allows it to be grown in the Urals and Siberia. In order to avoid mistakes during the selection and cultivation of a tree, one must pay attention to the description and characteristics of the variety.

History of breeding

The variety was bred quite recently, entered into the State Register in 2018, zoned in the Ural region. The originator is the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Branch of the Academy of Sciences”. “Sverdlovchanin” was obtained from the pollination of the apple tree “Yantar” with pollen from the varieties “Asterisk”, “Orange”, “Gem”.

Appearance of fruit and tree

The fruits of this early winter variety ripen late. The height of the apple tree “Sverdlovchanin” is at least 3-4 m, maybe more, it grows quickly. The crown is sparse, spreading, straight branches are rare, located almost horizontally. The leaves are medium in size, wrinkled, green.

The apples of the Sverdlovchanin variety are medium, one-dimensional, about 70 g in weight, regular rounded, slightly ribbed, without rustiness. The main color of the skin is whitish and light yellow. There are small greenish, barely visible subcutaneous dots.

The fruits are almost the same average size, so they can be preserved

Taste

The pulp of Sverdlovchanin apples is white, dense, fine-grained, juicy and tender. The taste is sweet and sour, there is a slight aroma. Apples have 14,3% dry matter, 11,4% sugar, 15,1% vitamin C. The taste was rated by tasters at 4,8 points.

Growing regions

The variety “Sverdlovchanin” was bred for the Ural region, but it can be grown in Siberia, the Volga region, the Moscow region and the northern regions. Due to the high frost resistance, the trees are able to withstand the severe frosts that are typical for these areas.

Productivity

The average yield of the Sverdlovchanin apple tree is 34 kg per 1 sq. m. There is no periodicity in fruiting, it begins to bear fruit at 5-6 years of age. With each season, the number of fruits increases and reaches a peak by 12 years.

Frost resistance

An apple tree of the Sverdlovchanin variety can withstand frosts below -40 ˚С even without shelter, it is also not afraid of autumn and spring frosting. In winter and spring, it can get sunburn, so that this does not happen, you need to whitewash the trunk and branches of the tree.

Disease and pest resistance

Almost not affected by scab, resistant to powdery mildew. In conditions of high humidity, it can be damaged by fungal diseases.

In the 12th year after planting, the yield from one tree can be 100 kg

Flowering period and ripening period

Apple trees “Sverdlovchanin” bloom, depending on the region, during May. The fruits ripen in late September or early October. Freshly picked apples are consumed fresh, they are also suitable for canning and making juice, jam, and any sweet homemade preparations from them.

Pollinators

Pollinators are not needed for Sverdlovchanin apple trees. The variety is self-fertile, the flowers are pollinated by their own pollen.

Transportation and storage

The fruits of the Sverdlovchanin apple tree with a dense skin, withstand transportation well. They are stored for a long time, in a cool and dry place they can lie until March. If you keep them in the refrigerator, then the shelf life increases by a month.

Advantages and disadvantages

The variety “Sverdlovchanin” is attractive to gardeners because it is characterized by high winter hardiness, stable yield, and yields tasty fruits of good quality. Medium heat and drought tolerance.

The disadvantages are as follows:

1. The fruits are not too big.
2. Late maturation.
3. Late entry into fruiting.

The main quality of the apple tree of this variety is cold resistance.

Landing

Apple trees grow well in sunny or slightly shaded areas. It is not recommended to plant in the shade of other trees. They prefer fertile and moist soil of neutral acidity. Soil type – loam or sandy loam. Planting time is autumn, after the foliage has fallen, or in the spring, before bud break.

Before planting, young trees must be prepared – you need to cut off the tips of their roots and put the seedlings in a solution of a root formation stimulator. If the seedling has a closed root system, no preparation is required.

The diameter and depth of the planting pits should be approximately 0,7 m. The crown of the Sverdlovchanin apple tree in meters reaches a width of 4 m. This means that such a distance must be left between plants in a row, the aisle should be made a little wider – 5 m. With a smaller area trees will grow worse, yields will decrease.

Landing sequence:

1. Lay a drainage layer at the bottom of the landing pit (small pebbles, pieces of slate or brick).
2. Put a seedling in the center, straighten the roots.
3. Fill voids with a mixture extracted when digging a hole of earth and humus, taken in a ratio of 1 to 1.
4. Water the tree with 1-2 buckets of water.
5. Slightly compact the ground and cover the near-stem circle with mulch material. It can be straw, hay, fallen leaves, shavings, sawdust and needles. You can use agrofibre.

Put a support near the seedling and tie the trunk to it with twine so that the tree grows evenly.

Cultivation and care

For the first time after planting, the Sverdlovchanin apple tree is watered 1-2 times a week, after rooting – about 1 time in 14 days, in the heat this can be done more often, mature trees – only in drought.

On loamy soils, the hole after watering must be leveled so that water does not accumulate there after precipitation.

Feeding in the first year is not required for the seedling of the Sverdlovchanin apple tree, it still has enough nutrition that was introduced during planting. The first feeding is carried out the next spring: 1 bucket of humus and 1-2 kg of ash are brought in. Adult apple trees are fertilized 2 times per season: in the spring, after the snow melts, they scatter organic matter, after flowering and during the period of ovary growth, mineral fertilizers are used. The solution is poured under the root, after watering, if there is no mulch, the earth is loosened.

The first pruning of the Sverdlovchanin apple tree is carried out the next spring after planting, a part of the central conductor and the tops of the side branches are removed from the apple tree. Then, once a year, in spring or autumn, cut off excess branches directed inside the crown, frozen, drying.

Preventive spraying of the Sverdlovchanin apple tree is carried out against fungal diseases (especially after a rainy period) and from the main pests: flower beetle, codling moth and aphids. Synthetic insecticides and fungicides are used.

Collection and storage

You can pick apples of the Sverdlovchanin variety when they are fully ripe or slightly unripe. Collection time is the end of September or the beginning of October. Store only in a cold and dry place (cellar, basement, refrigerator) at a temperature of 0 to 10 ˚С and humidity not higher than 70%. Under such storage conditions, apples can lie with minimal losses until spring. You need to store them in shallow boxes or baskets, stacking in 1-2 layers.

Conclusion

The apple tree variety Sverdlovchanin is characterized by high frost resistance, therefore it is suitable for cultivation in the Urals, Siberia and the northern regions. The fruits ripen late, but can be stored for a long time. The taste of apples is classic sweet and sour, they can be used for eating fresh and for making canned fruits.

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