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Apple variety Pobeda (Chernenko) is an old variety of Soviet selection, the result of many years of work by the scientist S. F. Chernenko, who is the author of the famous “Apple Calendar”. Ripe fruits are characterized by a greenish-yellow color. When resting on the sides of apples, a characteristic yellowness appears, as a result, the color transforms into creamy green.
On the sunny side, a noticeable “tan” appears on apples.
Description of the apple variety Pobeda with a photo
The winter variety of the Pobeda apple tree has been tested by time; for more than 90 years it has been very popular among private breeders and on an industrial scale. Actively and abundantly begins to bear fruit at 9-10 years of age. The crop yield is impressive, more than 100-110 kg of fruit from one tree.
Some 10-year-old trees can produce maximum yields – up to 100-110 kg
History of breeding
The popular winter apple variety Pobeda was bred in 1927 by the famous breeder S.F. Chernenko. The two most successful varieties are taken as a basis: “Antonovka ordinary” and “London Pepin”. Sample Pobeda (Chernenko) was bred specifically for the Central Black Earth regions of Our Country.
The winter apple variety Pobeda (Chernenko) is not included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of Our Country
Appearance of fruit and tree
The tree and fruits of the Pobeda winter apple variety are characterized by the following features:
- crown height – up to 5-6 m;
- crown width – up to 7 m;
- crown shape – round, spherical, hemispherical;
- the trunk is strong;
- the location of the branches – along the entire perimeter of the crown;
- skeletal branches with a large number of ringlets;
- bark – brown (on shoots – greenish with a bluish bloom);
- the shape of the leaves is ovate, oblong, medium in size, slightly twisted with raised edges;
- the presence of pubescence on the lower part of the leaves;
- the color of the leaves is rich green;
- the average fruit weight is 200-260 g;
- the shape of the fruit is conical, flat-round;
- the color of the fruit is greenish-yellow without a blush (greenish-cream when lying down);
- the color of the pulp is white, with a creamy tint;
- pulp characteristics – juicy, loose;
- the taste of the pulp is dessert, sweet and sour;
- the structure of the skin is smooth, dense, of medium thickness with rounded patches of white.
Some fruits of Pobeda apples can reach a weight of 400 g
Life time
The life span of the Pobeda (Chernenko) apple tree is about 35 years. Abundant fruiting occurs at the age of 10.
Adult culture is a sprawling, beautiful tree
Taste
The taste characteristics of the Pobeda apple variety can be described as dessert, sweet and sour. Due to the classic taste, ripe apples of this variety are successfully eaten fresh, used to make juices, compotes, preserves, jams.
Tasting evaluation of Pobeda (Chernenko) apples – 4,2 points out of possible 5
Growing regions
At the beginning of the 20th century, apple trees of the Pobeda variety were planted in Belarus, some regions of Ukraine, as well as in the Voronezh, Kursk, Oryol and Tula regions of Our Country. At present, the culture is cultivated with great success in the south and in the Central Black Earth region of the Federation.
Since the plant is characterized by an average level of cold and winter hardiness, the Non-Black Earth regions are of little use for growing Pobeda apple trees.
In order to grow the Pobeda apple tree in the Non-Black Earth Region, special care should be provided for the culture in the cold season
Productivity
The yield of adult plants (more than 10 years old) of the Pobeda variety is about 105-110 kg of apples from one tree. The abundance of fruiting depends on age:
- up to 6 years does not bear fruit;
- from a 10-year-old tree, you can collect up to 100 kg of fruit;
- up to 12-15 kg can be harvested from 105-110-year-old apple trees.
Some gardeners noted record harvests from one apple tree – 264 kg of fruit
Frost resistance
Despite many advantages, the frost resistance of Pobeda apple trees does not differ in high rates (above average). Plants can grow and bear fruit in the southern and central regions of Our Country. For growth in the northern regions of the Federation, plants need additional care in winter (effective shelter).
The culture is not endowed with the ability to regenerate tissues, therefore frozen shoots recover for a long time, they hardly endure the harsh winter
Disease and pest resistance
The main goal pursued by the breeder S. F. Chernenko, breeding the Pobeda variety, was resistance to scab. Plants of this variety are practically not affected by scab, however, during rainy summer periods there is a risk of infection with this disease. Scab manifests itself as a brown bloom on the leaves and black-gray spots on the fruits.
Modern fungicides are suitable for processing apple trees from scab
Fruit rot, or moniliosis, also affects Pobeda apple trees in late summer. Fruit rot is manifested by pale yellow spots on the fruit, which become unusable. Plants are sprayed with complex preparations.
To get rid of fruit rot, you need to spray the plants twice: the first time when foliage appears, the second – after flowering ends.
Powdery mildew affects all parts of plants. The foliage curls, dries up, falls off. To combat the disease, fungicides, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate and liquid soap are used.
In order not to provoke powdery mildew infection, the irrigation regime should be reviewed.
In addition, codling moths, moths, scoops, moths, leafworms, aphids, and ants can attack an apple tree. As a preventive measure, modern universal insecticides can be used.
Flowering period and ripening period
The flowering period of apple trees of the late winter variety Pobeda (Chernenko) is May. Fruits reach removable maturity in late September or early October. Experts note that the taste qualities of apples are revealed with maximum strength only at the end of October or at the beginning of November. This period is called the “consumer maturity” stage.
Apples of this variety can be stored for a long time: until March-April
Pollinators
The late-winter apple variety Pobeda (Chernenko) is considered partially self-fertile, since it does not require the presence of pollinating varieties near the crop. Experienced flower growers agree that the abundance of fruiting and the quality of the taste characteristics of the fruit depend on the presence in one area of apple trees of such varieties as White filling, Medunitsa, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Kvinti.
The planting pattern should provide a 6-meter distance between pollinated trees
Transportation and storage
Large-fruited apples Pobeda (Chernenko) are characterized by high commercial qualities and versatility of use. Apples are harvested on sunny, fine days, sorted, put into clean boxes for subsequent transportation. Ripe fruits of the late-winter Pobeda apple tree are able to maintain ideal taste and consumer qualities in the maturation until April.
Thanks to a fairly strong peel, Pobeda (Chernenko) apples easily endure long-distance transportation by various modes of transport.
Advantages and disadvantages
Among the minuses of the variety of apple trees Pobeda can be identified:
- a fairly high percentage of rotting of fruits infected with codling moth;
- susceptibility to fruit rot infection;
- large tree sizes (not suitable for small areas);
- later fruiting (starting from the age of 10);
- tendency to shed apples when ripe.
The advantages of this variety add up to a whole range of advantages:
- delicious, refreshing, thirst-quenching dessert taste with a sweet and sour aftertaste;
- large sizes of fruits endowed with good commercial qualities;
- high yield;
- sufficient resistance to scab;
- long shelf life of the crop.
Apple trees of the late winter variety Pobeda are most resistant to scab damage.
Landing
The timing of planting seedlings of Pobeda variety apple trees may vary, depending on the climatic conditions of the region:
- in the southern regions, planting is done in the fall, presumably 1 month before the onset of the first frost;
- in the central regions, planting is done in the spring, before bud break.
When choosing a place to place a tree, it is necessary to give preference to flat, sunny places, protected from the wind. The groundwater level should not be higher than 2-2,5 m. In the case of close occurrence of groundwater, broken brick or expanded clay (layer up to 15 cm) is placed in the hole for placing apple seedlings to create a drainage effect.
Apple tree seedling Pobeda (Chernenko) should be 1-2-year-old, even, tall, straight, with a thick trunk, with pronounced cranking. The diameter of the trunk at the base of the bole is up to 2,5 cm, the diameter of the trunk under the crown is up to 1,7 cm. The bark and root system of seedlings should not contain signs of damage by pests or diseases.
It is best to purchase 1-2-year-old seedlings of apple trees in specialized nurseries
Apple tree planting algorithm:
- A few weeks before the expected time of planting seedlings in open ground, planting pits up to 60 cm wide and up to 45 cm deep are dug.
- The soil removed from the pit is divided into 2 parts (surface and low-lying layer), mixed with compost, lime, superphosphate and potassium chloride.
- Drainage from expanded clay or broken bricks is laid at the bottom of the landing hole.
- A wooden stake is driven into the center of the hole.
- The soil around the seedling is compacted.
- Seedlings are watered abundantly, at the rate of up to 10 liters of water per plant.
The pit is filled with prepared soil mixture by ½ size.
Cultivation and care
Caring for an apple tree Victory is the implementation of generally accepted complex measures related to watering, fertilizing, sanitary pruning and pest control.
During the growing season, watering young apple trees (up to 5 years of age) should be regular and fairly plentiful (6-7 times per season). Starting from the age of 5, apple trees need more modest watering (3-4 times per season).
Each apple tree needs up to 2 liters of water to irrigate.
Fertilizers are especially necessary for young apple trees of the Pobeda variety in spring. These can be nitrogen-containing preparations, a solution of urea, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Older trees need organic matter. Compost is suitable, which borders the near-trunk circle in late autumn before wintering.
Spraying with liquid mineral complexes containing phosphorus, calcium, potassium improves the taste of apples
Sanitary pruning and crown formation are mandatory spring events, during which broken, dried, frozen branches and infertile shoots are removed, lichen and moss growths are eliminated on the bark, and the trunk is whitened.
Removing barren shoots in early spring will allow the apple tree to direct all its efforts to the formation of fruits.
Collection and storage
Harvesting from late winter Pobeda (Chernenko) apple trees is carried out in late September or early October, in sunny weather.
Under favorable conditions, apples retain their taste until March-April. The ideal conditions for placing the crop in storage are a dark, cool room without sudden changes in temperature, without exposure to high humidity.
The average shelf life of Pobeda apples is 3 months
Conclusion
Giving preference to newfangled trends of domestic and foreign selection, gardeners often forget the classic varieties that can surprise and delight with the decorative properties of trees, the taste of fruits and record yields. Apple variety Pobeda (1927), bred by the famous breeder S. F. Chernenko, is worthy of the attention of modern gardeners.
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