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The apple variety Malinovka is a common representative of the Pink family in horticulture, which has been popular for a long time. The tree belongs to the types of summer ripening. The variety has several subspecies.
History of breeding
The variety is considered to be ancient. Malinovka apple trees were found on the territory of modern Estonia, in a place called Suslepa. Information about them dates back to the 18th century.
The first description of the variety was made by the French pomologist Leroy. There are several theories that have not received confirmation that the robin apple tree was bred in France. Other sources consider her homeland to be Persia.
Description of the apple variety Malinovka with a photo
There is no exact data whether the tree is a hybrid or whether the variety was obtained naturally through pollination. Before purchasing an apple tree seedling, you should study its characteristics in order to provide the tree with optimal conditions.
Often the Suislepskoye variety is planted in order to obtain a crop, although it has varieties that have decorative properties.
Appearance of fruit and tree
The variety is characterized by an average rate of development: throughout its life it does not grow above 3-5 m. The height depends on climatic conditions: in the southern regions, apple trees are more massive.
The crown is in the form of a ball, the width varies from 3,5 to 4 m. The branches are dark in color, raised up. All shoots of the Malinovka apple tree are strong, with a moderate pile and medium-sized leaf plates. Their color is rich green. The surface of each leaf is glossy, slightly wrinkled and fluffy. There are serrations along the edges of the leaf plates, and a short petiole at the base.
Flowering begins at the end of May: a lot of white-pink buds are formed on the shoots
Description of the Malinovka apple variety: medium-sized fruits, the weight of each of them varies from 80 to 160 g. According to photos and reviews, it is known that gardeners are faced with a variety of crop sizes, both large and small fruits are formed on the same tree.
All apples initially have a greenish tint, which gradually changes to yellow. Ripe fruits are covered with bright red stripes of pink tone like a barcode.
The skin of robin apples is thin, with a slight coating of wax. Under it you can see dots of greenish color. Inside the pulp is a snow-white shade. Just under the skin, you can see a pink undertone.
Pulp with fine-grained inclusions. Seed chambers are medium in size, flat, brown.
Outwardly, robin apples resemble a slightly flattened ball with a slight ribbing.
Taste
The content of various substances in apples:
- titratable acid – up to 0,7%;
- sugar – up to 9,8%
- pectin – 12,2%
- ascorbic acid – up to 9,2 mg per 100 g;
- P-reactive substances – up to 116 mg per 100 g.
Most people consider the taste of apples to be harmonious, juicy, with a pronounced sour pulp, leaving a sweet aftertaste.
Life time
With good care, the Malinovka apple tree remains viable for 35-40 years. Dates vary depending on climatic conditions, care, past diseases.
Growing regions
And although the Malinovka variety is ubiquitous, the features of caring for it vary depending on the region.
The variety grows safely in the Leningrad and Moscow regions, central Our Country, Belarus and in the North-West region.
In countries with a cold climate, the Suislepsky apple tree needs shelter for the winter, it is cultivated in order to obtain a crop. In central Our Country, the Malinovka variety is often found as a decoration in landscape design. The climate in Belarus and the area where the variety was obtained are similar, so the tree can be grown there without special agricultural practices.
Productivity
Variety Malinovka is not a record holder in terms of yield. Up to 50 kg of fruits are harvested from one tree. Young trees delight with apples every year, but as they grow older, fruiting becomes less frequent.
Under favorable weather conditions and good care, a record number of apples can be harvested: up to 80 kg per tree
Frost resistance
Apple-tree Malinovka tolerates low temperatures well. The tree remains viable in frosts above -30 ° C. Worse, the apple tree grows and bears fruit if the temperature is above + 40 ° C in summer.
Disease and pest resistance
The immunity of the Malinovka variety depends on weather conditions; in regions with frequent rainfall, scab, powdery mildew or rot is possible.
Of the pests, green aphids and leafworms are dangerous for the apple tree.
Scab is easy to identify: marsh-colored spots appear on leaf plates and fruits, which darken and crack over time. At first, the disease affects the young leaves of the apple tree, but gradually spreads throughout the tree.
Fruits fall off when scab is affected, leaves curl and dry out
Powdery mildew can cause serious damage not only to the crop, but also to the tree itself, it affects shoots, flowers, and leaves. If the disease appeared during the period of fruit ripening, then apples will also be affected.
The affected parts of the robin apple tree are covered with white bloom, the leaves are curled, the flowers are deformed
It is possible to suspect fruit rot on the Malinovka variety even in winter and spring, there are longitudinal cracks with ulcers on the trunk, and the skin of young trees peels off.
Vivid signs of rot are visible during the ripening period, apples deteriorate right on the branches. Their skin is covered with yellowish or white spots, rapidly spreading throughout the fruit. The flesh gradually turns brown, softens and smells of alcohol.
The last stage of rot is the appearance of concentric circles consisting of fungal spores.
Flowering period and ripening period
Buds appear on the tree in the third week of May and later. And although the first Malinovka apples can be tasted as early as 3 years after planting, full fruiting begins at 8-10 years of the variety’s life.
In some regions, depending on the subspecies, apples begin to ripen as early as June. Most gardeners harvest in July-August.
Pollinators
The Malinovka apple tree is self-fertile, in order to get a crop, it is necessary to plant other varieties next to it. The optimal pollinators, whose flowering period coincides with the Suislepskoye variety, are Moscow Grushovka, Papirovka and Makintosh.
Transportation and storage
The skin of robin apples is very delicate, easily damaged. This negatively affects their transportability and keeping quality. Even under favorable conditions, the safety of the fruit does not exceed 3 weeks.
Often in places where the skin is damaged, the flesh quickly darkens and acquires an unpleasant odor, which makes the apple unsuitable for consumption.
Subspecies
Malinovka apple tree is not one variety. There are several subspecies with distinctive features. When choosing a seedling, it is recommended to take this feature into account.
Decorative
The subspecies is usually attributed to tall trees. According to photos and reviews, the Malinovka apple tree can reach 7-8 m in height. Description of the crown: oval or pyramidal, it can be artificially transformed into a “palmette” using pruning.
Dark green, glossy leaf plates are attached to the shoots. The flowers of the ornamental subspecies of the apple tree Malinovka are bright pink, multi-layered. Their size reaches 3-5 cm in diameter.
The fruits are small, oval-oblong, purple in color. Their taste is tart and sour.
During flowering, the buds cover the entire tree and exude a powerful aroma, attracting insects.
Columnar
The apple tree is grown using a columnar rootstock. To do this, leave one central trunk without side shoots. This feature gives an advantage in harvesting and facilitates care.
The height of the columnar variety Malinovka does not exceed 2-3 m
Riga
The variety has a strong immune system, it is grown on a dwarf rootstock. Riga Malinovka tolerates frost well, grows no more than 3 m in height.
The apples of the variety are small or medium in size, bright red in color, the flesh inside is white, but has veins of a red tint, which gives it a pinkish appearance. Ripe fruits tolerate transportation well, are sweet, well suited for jams and compotes.
The first apples ripen by mid-September, but do not fall off, remaining on the branches until frost.
red-leaved
A distinctive feature of this subspecies is unusual, carmine-colored leaves. The tree is unpretentious, successfully resists many diseases and pests.
Gardeners often purchase a variety for an ornamental purpose: the fruits of an apple tree are small, sour, astringent.
And although the fruits are edible, their taste does not attract gardeners, so the crop is simply disposed of.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of the variety include:
- external attractiveness of the fruit;
- pleasant sweet and sour taste of apples.
The disadvantages of the Malinovka apple tree include:
- poor keeping quality and transportability of fruits;
- average yield.
Most gardeners prefer the Malinovka apple tree as a proven old variety.
Planting and care
The place under the variety Malinovka should be well lit by the sun. Abundant fruiting is possible if the land is fertile, and groundwater is located far from the soil surface.
If the seedling has an open root system, then it is recommended to transfer them to open ground in spring, in March or April. A seedling with protected roots can also be planted in autumn, in September or October, but before the onset of frost.
Landing technology:
- 3 weeks before the procedure, a pit is prepared, keeping a distance of 4 m between the seedlings;
- sand and gravel are laid at the bottom of the pit as drainage, a layer of fertile soil is distributed, a stake is driven in the middle;
- the tree is placed in a hole, the roots are straightened, covered with earth and a trunk circle is formed;
- abundantly water the Malinovka apple tree and mulch the ground around it.
The stake provides support to the seedling, which can easily break under the influence of natural disasters.
Suislepskoe variety care is standard: spring pruning, preventive treatment against pests, watering and fertilizing, preparation for winter.
Under normal weather conditions, watering the Malinovka apple tree is not required. In dry periods, the soil should be moistened: at least 20-40 liters per tree.
The Suislepskoye variety is prone to thickening, so pruning should not be neglected. Skeletal branches should be located at a distance from each other.
During formative pruning, sanitary pruning is also carried out: damaged or dried shoots are removed
Collection and storage
Apples do not ripen at the same time, they are prone to shedding, so it is recommended to process the crop immediately after harvest.
The peel of the fruit is very delicate, easily damaged, so it is recommended to put them in wooden boxes with layers of paper or straw.
Conclusion
The apple tree variety Malinovka is an old but popular culture loved by gardeners. She has very beautiful fruits, the tree itself is unpretentious and frost-resistant. Harvest is recommended to be processed immediately, it is not subject to storage and transportation.
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