Contents
The apple tree is one of the most common fruit trees in the climate of central Our Country. But the variety of varieties is sometimes confusing, especially for beginners. Everyone wants to have beautiful, tasty apples on their site, which will be unpretentious in care and have good taste. In our country, the Bashkir Beauty apple variety has been well known for many years. This is a frost-resistant, unpretentious tree that consistently bears fruit in any year. What is the apple tree of the Bashkir Beauty variety, its description and photo, we will describe further.
History of the variety
The well-known name “Bashkir beauty” was assigned to the variety only in 1928. But the variety itself appeared much earlier. The first mention of it, as a variety of industrial scale, is in 1886. Merchant Gribushin grew these beautiful apples in his gardens, which were located in Bashkortostan. It is considered the birthplace of the variety. In modern horticultural farms, both private and industrial, the “Bashkir beauty” is already grown throughout the country, including the Moscow, Kirov and Pskov regions.
Features
Trees of this variety are distinguished by their small size in their youth, but at the same time they have a slightly leafy crown of a rounded shape. Later, when the apple tree begins to bear fruit, the crown becomes pyramidal, sprawling. The tree belongs to medium height, skeletal branches are located almost at right angles to the central trunk.
The apple tree of the Bashkir Beauty variety begins to bear fruit at the age of 5-6 years. The yield is high and stable.
The leaves are oval with a slight pointed top. Serrations are visible on the sides of the leaves. From above, the sheet is absolutely smooth and even, and from below it has hairiness. The bark is smooth and brown-green on the main trunk.
It blooms with large white-pink flowers, in the form of cups. With good care every year the tree grows by 10 cm.
The yield is high, the ripening time of the variety is the end of August – September.
Description of fruits
The description of the apple tree variety “Bashkir Beauty” in any case will begin with admiration for the appearance. These are beautiful medium-sized apples weighing up to 130 grams. At the very beginning of ripening, they are green with a slight blush, ripened fruits become white with a bright blush and red stripes. The skin is rough, dense and has a slight waxy coating.
A photo of apples “Bashkir Beauty” is found in many horticultural magazines, since the bright and appetizing appearance of the fruits of this variety does not leave gardeners and summer residents indifferent.
As for the taste of the variety:
- apples of this variety are sweet and sour;
- the pulp is white, juicy, fine-grained, crispy;
- aroma is weak.
In addition, the fruits are distinguished by good transportability, which is very important when grown on an industrial scale. With normal ventilation and in a dry room, the crop lasts up to six months. If there is a desire to process the crop, then the apples of the Bashkir beauty are also great for processing. It is a versatile apple tree, which is its great advantage.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantage of this variety is that it has a unique frost resistance.. The apple tree tolerates cold winters without snow, and also quickly recovers when it freezes.
But besides frost resistance, there are a number of other advantages:
- high yield (80 kg per tree);
- average resistance to diseases;
- unpretentiousness to the soil;
- versatility of use and taste of fruits.
The disadvantages of the variety include the shedding of apples during a long drought, which is fully compensated by regular watering.
Planting and care
Before you fully enjoy the taste of the Bashkir Beauty apple variety, you need to properly plant it and take care of the tree. First of all, we select a place where a low beautiful apple tree will spread later.
There should be no surface groundwater at the planting site of the apple tree, as they contribute to the decay of the root system.
The Bashkir beauty is not picky about a certain type of soil, but grows ideally on medium loam, light neutral soils and, of course, chernozem.
Choosing and planting a seedling
When choosing a seedling, it is important to pay attention to the appearance. A feature of the young Bashkir beauty is the presence of white shoots at the ends, which are also heavily pubescent. From this fluff, experienced gardeners will recognize the apple tree of this variety.
For planting, it is recommended to use a 4 × 4 m scheme. The landing site should be prepared in advance so that all useful substances have time to settle in the hole and partially dissolve. The hole for the seedling should be 0.6 m deep and 0.8 m in diameter. These are the minimum dimensions, but you should focus on the volume of the root system of the seedling.
The following composition must be added to the bottom of the hole:
- 400 gr. wood ash;
- 2 buckets of humus;
- 100 gr. potassium sulfate;
- 10 tbsp. l. superphosphate.
After installing the seedling, it is necessary to sprinkle the root system with earth so that a tubercle forms. Ideally, the soil should be mulched. Since at the very beginning the seedling is weak and unable to withstand the winds, at first, until it takes root, it is necessary to tie a support to it.
Care
Bashkir beauty requires some care. This will significantly increase the level of its fruiting. The most important care is watering. If the tree does not have enough moisture, the fruits will begin to crumble before reaching maturity.
When fruiting, it is important to pay attention to its abundance, you may have to put props under the branches so that cracks and breakages do not form on the apple tree.
The apple tree responds positively to loosening the soil between the rows and around the trunk, since this way air is better supplied to the root system. It is necessary to loosen near the trunk, but not deeper than 10 cm, so as not to damage the roots. At the same time, the soil is freed from weeds.
Crown shaping and pruning
Description of the apple tree The Bashkir beauty characterizes the crown of the tree as sprawling, pyramidal. The sooner the owner begins to form it, the easier it will be to follow the tree over time and make the Bashkir beauty truly beautiful.
With proper formation, a form of 5 main branches is created. They should be at a distance of 30 cm from each other. 2 years after planting the seedling, the first pruning should be carried out, leaving the strongest shoots 3-4 pieces. After that, it is worth pruning every year, leaving the strongest shoots and forming the correct shape of the apple tree.
Proper pruning of the beauty directly affects the yield, since the crown is not neglected, and the tree has strength, it is less affected by diseases and pests.
Additional fertilizing
The tree of the Bashkir beauty is fed three times a year. For spring top dressing, urea is used. It is dissolved in 10 liters of water in the amount of 2 tbsp. spoons and bring directly under the root.
Summer top dressing should consist of complex fertilizers that contribute to the growth of the green crown of the tree.
In autumn, potassium-phosphorus fertilizers are applied so that the tree can prepare for winter. It is impossible to apply nitrogen in the fall, as this prevents the tree from falling asleep and can adversely affect its preparation for cold weather. As soon as the apple tree begins to bear fruit, top dressing is increased up to 4 times.
Preparation for winter
The final watering is carried out after the entire crop is harvested. Then we free the soil around the trunk from the layer of mulch and carry out top dressing so that the tree can prepare for the winter period. It is recommended to wrap the barrel with protective material so that mice do not gnaw it. But this must be done strictly after the onset of cold weather, otherwise the tree will not have time to fall asleep. Leaves must be collected and destroyed, as pests and rodents can start in them.
Treatment of diseases and pests
The average resistance of the variety to diseases and pests suggests that preventive treatment should not be neglected.
Most often, the apple tree is affected by the codling moth. Apples Bashkir beauty after the codling moth look like in the photo.
To fight, you should spray the apple tree with Calypso, Napoval, Fastak preparations. If you don’t want to mess with chemicals, you can get birdhouses, and use soapy water to fight aphids.
When the first signs of disease appear, it is also worth treating. For this, preparations Delan, Skor, Topsin are suitable.
Reviews of gardeners
Conclusion
Many gardeners, after reading the description, planting reviews, and looking at the photo of the Bashkir Beauty apple tree, are eager to purchase this variety. This is a high-yielding variety that is suitable for growing in the country for the family, as well as for industrial gardening. Its sweet and sour taste and light aroma will always find fans.
