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Apple tree Anis Sverdlovsky is a modern, popular variety that is mainly cultivated on an industrial scale. Beautiful fruits with a refreshing taste and pronounced aroma are consumed fresh. From ripe apples, jams, preserves, dried fruits, and a variety of dessert preserves are produced.
Apple tree Anis Sverdlovsky – a multi-fruited, early-growing, frost-resistant variety
History of breeding
The apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky was obtained relatively recently in Yekaterinburg by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Academy of Sciences ( Academy of Sciences)” at the experimental gardening station in Sverdlovsk. The author of the variety is Candidate of Agricultural Sciences L. A. Kotov. In 2002, the culture was officially tested and included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. The plant was bred by crossing varieties of apple trees “Melba” (Canada) and “Anis purple” (Ural variety).
In 2002, the variety of apple trees Anis Sverdlovsky was patented by the originator
Description of the apple variety Anis Sverdlovsky with a photo
Anise of the Ural variety of apple trees Sverdlovsky stands out among anise crops with bright taste characteristics, presentation of fruits, versatility regarding cultivation and use in various climatic conditions.
The authors of the apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky managed to achieve the best characteristics of frost resistance, early fruiting and multiple fruiting.
Appearance of fruit and tree
Apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) Sverdlovsky variety anise is distinguished by the following varietal features:
- crown height up to 3,5 m;
- the shape of the crown is oval-like (in young trees), broadly pyramidal (in adult trees);
- the trunk is strong, with straight, strongly pubescent, brown shoots;
- the color of the bark is gray-brown;
- the shape of the leaves is rounded, with serrated edges;
- the color of the leaves is dark green with a characteristic light green central vein;
- fruit weight up to 120 g;
- the shape of the fruit is ribbed, slightly flattened, round-oval;
- fruit surface is hard;
- the main color of the fruit is light yellow;
- the integumentary color of the fruit is blurred, solid, bright red;
- the color inside the fruit is white with a creamy tint;
- the structure of the pulp is juicy, fine-grained, tender;
- the aroma is medium, classic apple;
- the peel of the fruit is dry, thin, medium density, shiny, with a waxy coating.
Apple tree Anis Sverdlovsky belongs to early-growing crops, ripening occurs 4 years after budding
Life time
Apple trees Anis of the Ural variety Sverdlovsky are characterized by a long life cycle (up to 35-40 years). By 3-4 years, the culture begins to actively bear fruit. The main peak of productivity falls on 20-30 years of age.
Adult apple trees Anis Sverdlovsky are characterized by abundant and friendly ripening of fruits
Taste
The taste characteristics of apples Anis Sverdlovsky can be described as sweet-sour, with a caramel flavor. The culture inherited the magnificent candy “ambre” from the mother variety “Melba”. The pulp contains a record amount of vitamin C (22%), sugar (13,5%), acid (0,8%).
The original and perfect taste of apples Anis Sverdlovsky has a rating of 4,5 points out of 5
Growing regions
Anis Sverdlovsky apple trees are characterized by a high degree of drought resistance and winter hardiness. A humid climate with rainy summers is detrimental to the culture due to the lack of immunity to scab.
Apple trees of the Sverdlovsky Anis variety take root perfectly in horticultural farms of the Udmurt, Bashkir, Kurgan, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Yekaterinburg regions. From the moment of inclusion in the state register of breeding achievements, the plants are officially recommended for breeding in the Volga-Vyatka region of Our Country.
The variety of apple trees Sverdlovsky Anis is not particularly picky about the composition of the soil, therefore it can grow in Altai, the Urals, the Urals, Siberia and the Central Strip of the Federation
Productivity
Anise Sverdlovsky apple tree begins to bear fruit from the age of 5 after a successfully completed budding. Starting from the age of 8, adult plants are able to produce up to 75-80 kg of fruits from one tree per season. The ripening period is mid-September.
Fruiting occurs annually, without interruption
Frost resistance
The variety of apple trees Anis Sverdlovsky was specially bred for growing in regions with severe winters. Plants easily tolerate low temperature conditions (up to -40 ⁰С) without significant damage. The crop is suitable for growing in northeastern areas with strong winds, cold winter conditions, continental climate.
With partial freezing, the branches of the apple tree are quickly restored in the spring
Disease and pest resistance
Among the dangerous bacterial and viral diseases of the Anis apple variety are the following:
- Scab is a fungal disease that manifests itself as olive-colored spots on foliage and black spots on fruits. Apples crack, lose their commercial attractiveness.
Spraying with fungicides and a solution of Bordeaux mixture will help rid apple trees of scab
- Powdery mildew is characterized by the appearance of a white coating on leaves and branches. To get rid of the disease, plants must be treated with colloidal sulfur, Bordeaux mixture.
The most effective against powdery mildew on apple trees is the modern fungicide “Topaz”
- Rust is distinguished by the appearance of orange spots on the foliage. As a rust prevention, apple trees are treated with a solution of copper sulfate.
To get rid of rust, you can spray the trees with modern preparations “Raek”, “Horus”, “Skor”, “Abiga-Peak”
In addition to diseases, apple trees are attacked by insects and pests: aphids, codling moths, leafworms.
Modern insecticides (Iskra-M, Karbofos, Nitrafen) have shown their effectiveness in the fight against pests of apple trees.
Flowering period and ripening period
The flowering of Anis Sverdlovsky apple trees occurs in mid-May and lasts about 10 days. The buds of pink-raspberry color lose saturation with opening, becoming white with a subtle pink tint. The oval petals are arranged separately, the pistil and stamens are pale yellow in color.
Experienced gardeners recommend cutting flower stalks from one-year-old apple tree seedlings so that the plant does not waste energy on flowering and ovary formation.
The ripening period of the culture falls on the end of August or the beginning of September. At the stage of technical maturity, the fruits of apple trees become two-colored. A bright red blush (up to 4/5 of the surface) spreads over the entire yellowish-green surface. Mature fruits are characterized by a shiny, dense skin with a slight bluish bloom. They are held on the branches on strong, small stalks. Apple saucer Anis Sverdlovsky is small, with a half-covered or closed cup, a heart-shaped large heart, light brown egg-shaped grains.
With abundant flowering, about 90% of the ovaries of apple trees fall off in color, 10% are involved in the formation of fruits
Pollinators
Anise varieties of apple trees are self-fertile crops that need pollinating varieties that coincide in flowering time. Pollen carriers – wind, insects. As pollinators for apple trees, Anis Sverdlovsky, varieties such as Belfleur-Kitayka, Iyulsky Chernenko, Antonovka, Yandykovsky are ideal.
The variety of apple trees Anis Sverdlovsky is a pollinator for other varieties of apple trees (Volzhanka, Jonathan, Uslada, Freshness, Gala, Aelita).
Co-pollination significantly increases the yield of trees
Transportation and storage
Anis apples of the popular Sverdlovsky variety are distinguished by fairly good transportability due to their dense peel, they are grown for sale. For transportation, ripe fruits are carefully folded into clean boxes. Apples are characterized by a low degree of keeping quality, up to 2-3 months from the moment of removal from the tree.
The commodity value of apples is estimated at 80%, the quantitative indicator of fruits of the highest quality is 35%
Advantages and disadvantages
The variety of apple trees Anis Sverdlovsky is characterized by the following advantages:
- high level of drought resistance and winter hardiness;
- unpretentiousness to weather conditions and soil composition;
- abundant harvests;
- original taste of fruits;
- earlier start of fruiting;
- sufficient transport suitability;
- ease of cultivation and universal care.
Among the shortcomings of the culture, one can single out a relatively short shelf life of fruits, a tendency to shedding in mature form.
Landing
The algorithm for planting apple seedlings Anis variety Sverdlovsky is reduced to performing the following manipulations:
- as a landing site, it is necessary to choose light, dry, fertile areas with breathable, loose, fertile soil (loamy, sandy loamy soils);
- holes measuring 70×100 cm are prepared on the day of planting;
- drainage from broken bricks is placed at the bottom of the landing pit;
- 10 liters of water are poured into the hole;
- half the height is covered with a mixture of the upper fertile layer of the earth, mineral and organic fertilizers;
- a wooden peg is driven into the hole, which serves as a support for a young tree;
- a seedling is placed in a half-filled hole, the root system is carefully straightened;
- the seedling is sprinkled with earth, rammed and watered abundantly with water;
- the landing site is mulched with peat, rotted manure, humus to preserve moisture.
The term for planting seedlings in open ground is October or April
Cultivation and care
Caring for apple trees Anis varieties Sverdlovsky is not particularly difficult:
- 4-stage periodic watering. The first stage of watering begins in early spring, just before the start of the growing season. The second is during flowering. The third is during the period of fruit ripening. The fourth – before the onset of autumn cooling.
3-5 buckets (volume 10 l) of warm water are brought under each tree
- 3-stage periodic top dressing. The first stage of fertilization with nitrogen preparations is before bud break. The second stage of feeding with potash and phosphorus fertilizers is after the end of flowering. The third is organic fertilizer after harvest.
As organic fertilizers, you can use compost, rotted manure
- Weeding and cleaning of organic debris from the area near the apple trees.
During the season, the place near the trees is cleared of weeds several times.
- Loosening a place near apple crops, it should be done after each watering.
Loosening will ensure oxygen access to the root system
- Pest prevention. As a pest prevention, trees are sprayed with insecticides twice a season.
Insecticides – an effective tool for combating aphids, leafworms, codling moth
- Pruning and thinning branches to form an aesthetic appearance of the crown.
Annual autumn pruning of branches contributes to the formation of the correct pyramidal crown shape of apple trees Anis variety Sverdlovsky
- Preparing for winter. The complex of measures consists in sheltering tree tables, whitewashing for disinfection, removing fallen leaves, mulching the near-stem space with humus, cleaning branches and trunks from rot and treating with garden pitch. For the winter, the trunks are wrapped with paper or burlap. The snow around the trees is trampled down to retain more moisture.
Shelter of trunks contributes to the effective protection of the bark from rodents
- Annual spring care consists in whitewashing the trunks, pruning frozen branches, removing the strapping, fertilizing, loosening the soil, and treating against pests.
Spring whitewashing of apple trees is a must-have event that allows you to get rid of fungal diseases and pests.
Collection and storage
Apple trees Anis varieties Sverdlovsky bear fruit annually and abundantly. Technical maturity of the fruit occurs in early September. Apples ripen at the same time, are characterized by the same size.
The fruits of the variety can be stored until December, but most often they are used earlier for fresh consumption and for processing to avoid spoilage. More juicy apples become 10 days after removal from the tree.
Thanks to a strong peel, apples withstand long transportation
Conclusion
Apple tree Anis Sverdlovsky is a relatively young variety, which is distinguished by a decorative and attractive appearance of the crown, excellent taste characteristics. In spring, during flowering, trees decorate garden plots with a white-pink foam of fragrant inflorescences. In summer, among the green foliage, yellow-green, and later red-sided apples ripen.
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