Antibiotics for colds

List of strong new generation antibiotics

Sumamed

An antibacterial agent from a number of macrolides. The active substance is azithromycin. In the treatment of complicated colds, it is an alternative second-line drug.

Advantages:

1. Very broad antibacterial spectrum of action;

2. Active against atypical pathogens;

3. Rarely causes disorders of the stomach and intestines;

4. Rarely causes resistance in microorganisms;

5. The duration of the course is only 3 days;

6. Single daily intake;

7. Cumulative effect – action for a week after taking the last pill;

8. Used as an alternative for allergic reactions to other antibiotics;

9. Available in all dosage forms (tablets, capsules, powder for suspension and intravenous injection).

Disadvantages:

1. Relatively high toxicity compared to other antibiotics;

2. Restriction of admission in diseases of the liver and kidneys;

3. Contraindications for taking during pregnancy and lactation;

4. In pediatric practice, it is used for limited indications;

5. Cannot be administered intramuscularly.

Cefaclor

Cephalosporin antibiotic of the 2nd generation. The trade name and active substance are identical.

The benefitsa:

1. High activity against most bacterial respiratory infections, both gram-negative rods (Maroxella, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella), and gram-positive (staphylococci, streptococci), anaerobic pathogens;

2. Relatively rare occurrence of antibiotic resistance in sensitive microorganisms;

3. Low number of allergic reactions compared to other cephalosporins.

Disadvantages:

1. It is produced exclusively in the form of tablets and granules for the preparation of a suspension. There are no injection forms;

2. The relative high cost of the drug compared to other representatives of the cephalosporin series;

3. The need for a three-time daily intake;

Cefamandol

Refers to the drugs of the second generation of cephalosporins. It has a powerful bactericidal effect, and therefore indications for the treatment of colds are rare.

Advantages:

1. A wide range of antibacterial action, including the main pathogens that are activated against the background of colds, of any localization;

2. Absolute resistance to the effects of beta-lactamases of pathogenic microorganisms, which makes the drug effective in any case of its use;

3. May be an alternative to any other cephalosporin for resistant pathogens or allergic reactions.

Disadvantages:

1. The drug is quite expensive;

2. There are only its injectable forms, which limits its use;

3. Due to the rare appointment, it is not sold by all pharmacies;

4. Like all 2nd generation cephalosporin antibiotics, it requires three doses per day.

Unidox Solutab

A drug from the group of tetracycline antibiotics. Contains doxycycline as the main active ingredient.

Advantages:

1. The drug has a long bacteriostatic effect. Therefore, it is excellent for the treatment of recurrent infections against the background of a cold;

2. The spectrum of pathogens sensitive to Unidox includes a large number of gram-positive and gram-negative rod and coccus microorganisms, protozoa, anaerobes, atypical pathogens;

3. Well tolerated;

4. Practically does not cause dysbacteriosis.

Disadvantages:

1. It is produced exclusively in tablet forms, which excludes the possibility of stepwise therapy;

2. Reception in pediatric practice is limited (in children under 8 years old);

3. Contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Cefuroxime

It is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin family from the 2nd generation with an active substance similar to the name of the drug.

Advantages:

1. Excellent antibacterial effect against almost all possible pathogens that can be activated against the background of a cold;

2. It is an alternative antibiotic in case of inefficiency or contraindications to any cephalosporin antibiotic, as it has an antimicrobial effect even against strains insensitive to cephalosporins;

3. Good tolerance and rare development of side effects.

Disadvantages:

1. Requires three injections;

2. Only injectable preparations are produced;

3. Like all antibiotics from the 2nd generation cephalosporin group, it is relatively expensive.

Rulid

A new generation macrolide antibiotic containing roxithromycin as a base substance.

Advantages:

1. It has a fairly narrow spectrum of antibacterial action, limited by the main pathogens of respiratory infections and inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract. This allows it to be used as a primary or alternative antibiotic for a complicated cold;

2. Very resistant to the action of the acidic environment of the stomach, which allows absorption of almost the entire dose taken;

3. Rarely causes intestinal disorders in the form of dysbacteriosis, since it is practically inactive against the gram-negative flora that lives in the intestine;

4. The need for only two or one daily intake.

Disadvantages:

1. Sufficiently high nephro- and hepatotoxicity;

2. The existence of only tablet forms;

3. Contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding;

Amoxiclav

It belongs to the group of semi-synthetic protected aminopenicillins. It is amoxicillin potentiated with clavulonic acid.

Advantages:

1. Mild bactericidal action combined with the widest antibacterial spectrum against almost all gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Therefore, the drug can be used when they are activated in any organ against the background of a cold;

2. Resistance to the action of strains produced by beta-lactamase;

3. Possibility of use as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent. This makes it a first line remedy for any cold;

4. Low toxicity to internal organs;

5. Possibility of use if necessary in pregnant and lactating mothers;

6. Wide application in pediatric practice;

7. Relative cheapness and availability of the drug;

8. The existence of all forms of administration of the drug, which allows it to be used as a means of stepwise therapy.

Disadvantages:

1. Very frequent development of intestinal disorders and dysbacteriosis, which is associated with a wide non-selective antibacterial action;

2. Frequent allergic reactions.

Cefoxitin

Second generation cephalosporin. It contains cephroxitin as an active ingredient.

Advantages:

1. The antibacterial spectrum is represented by a predominant effect on Haemophilus influenzae and gram-negative intestinal pathogens resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins of staphylococci;

2. Resistant to the action of microbial beta-lactamases, which makes it an alternative antibiotic;

Disadvantages:

1. As a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for colds, it is rarely used due to the specificity of the action;

2. Shows a toxic effect on the kidneys;

3. Contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation;

4. Requires three injections;

5. Produced exclusively in injectable forms.

Lincomycin

A drug from the lincosamide family. The active substance of the same name with the name of the drug.

Advantages:

1. Selective bacteriostatic action against gram-positive cocci. This feature allows you to use it for resistant to other antibiotics, chronic infections that can worsen against the background of a cold;

2. Cheapness and availability of the drug;

3. Availability of tablet and injection forms.

Disadvantages:

1. Cannot be assigned as a first line agent;

2. Requires three or four times a day;

3. Toxic effect on the liver and kidneys;

4. Contraindicated for use in pediatric and obstetric practice.

Cefoperazone

It is one of the representatives of the 3rd generation of cephalosporins. The active substance is cefoperazone.

Advantages:

1. Rapid bactericidal effect;

2. Excellent activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative cocci and rods, including those sensitive to the action of other antibiotics;

3. To achieve a therapeutic effect, just a two-time daily administration is sufficient;

4. It can be used both as a primary and alternative remedy for the treatment of complicated colds;

5. Good tolerance;

Disadvantages:

1. The existence of only injectable forms;

2. The relative high cost of the drug compared to similar drugs cephalosporins.

Ceftazidime

Antibiotic from the group of third-generation cephalosporins with the same active ingredient.

Advantages:

1. The widest spectrum of fast bactericidal action;

2. Particular activity against the main respiratory pathogens, which most often can be activated against the background of a cold;

3. Good portability;

4. The possibility of using as an alternative in case of inefficiency or intolerance to other cephalosporins or penicillin antibiotics;

Disadvantages:

1. The relative high cost of the drug;

2. Lack of tablet forms;

3. Limited use in children and pregnant women.

Cefotaxime

Considered one of the most commonly prescribed third-generation cephalosporins. The active substance is cefotaxime.

Advantages:

1. Broad antibacterial spectrum of action;

2. Good tolerance;

3. The minimum number of side effects;

4. Cheapness and availability of the drug;

5. Possibility of use as a prophylactic antibiotic or first-line remedy for colds complicated by infectious processes;

6. Possibility of use in pediatrics and obstetrics.

Disadvantages:

1. Resistant microorganisms are very common, which is associated with the wide distribution and use of cefotaxime;

2. The existence of exclusively injectable forms of administration;

Latamoxef

A very rare 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotic. The active substance is the same as the name of the drug.

Advantages:

1. A wide spectrum of action with a special enhancement against Haemophilus influenzae and other respiratory pathogens, including resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus;

2. Good portability;

3. The possibility of using as an alternative drug for intolerance to any strong antibiotics, when a good antibacterial effect is needed.

Disadvantages:

1. High cost;

2. Absence in a wide pharmacy network;

3. Restriction of admission in children and pregnant women;

4. Lack of tablet forms.

Cefixime

Third generation cephalosporin.

Advantages:

1. Very wide spectrum of antibacterial bactericidal action;

2. The existence of several analogues that contain the active substance cefixime;

3. Possibility of use in pediatrics;

4. It can be used as a drug of choice or alternative for colds complicated by infections.

Disadvantages:

1. Lack of injection forms;

2. The toxic effect on the liver and kidneys is more pronounced compared to analogues of 3rd generation cephalosporins.

Cefpodoxime

An alternative tableted antibiotic of the third generation of cephalosporins with the same active ingredient in its composition.

Advantages:

1. High bactericidal activity against most respiratory and other gram-positive and gram-negative microbes;

2. Good tolerance and rare allergic reactions;

3. Possibility of use during pregnancy and in children;

4. One of the few third-generation cephalosporins available in tablet form.

Disadvantages:

1. Lack of injection forms;

2. Not distributed in a wide pharmacy network;

3. The lack of analogues.

Spiramycin

Antibacterial agent of the macrolide series with a bacteriostatic mechanism of action.

Advantages:

1. High activity in the fight against the main pathogens that are activated in the foci of chronic infection against the background of any cold;

2. Gradually increasing and long-lasting, cumulative effect. The drug acts even after its withdrawal;

3. The presence of all forms of administration, which makes it possible to use it as the main and alternative remedy for infections of any severity.

Disadvantages:

1. Relatively increased toxicity to the kidneys and liver;

2. Restriction of admission in pediatric practice;

3. Contraindication for use during pregnancy and lactation;

4. Cannot be administered intramuscularly. Only intravenous infusions.

Rovamycin

It is a macrolide antibiotic, a proprietary analogue of spiramycin, which acts as its active ingredient.

Advantages:

1. Like any macrolide antibiotic, it has a good and broad bacteriostatic effect, including atypical pathogens;

2. Due to the high degree of purification, it can be used by pregnant women, but only if there are strict indications;

3. The presence of tablet forms with different dosages.

Disadvantages:

1. There are no injectable forms of the drug;

2. It is rarely used as a first-line drug for a cold complicated by infections.

Clarithromycin

Semi-synthetic macrolide. Has a bacteriostatic effect.

Advantages:

1. Antibacterial activity against most pathogenic microorganisms of the respiratory tract and other localizations;

2. Good portability;

3. Possibility of use in pediatric practice;

4. Relative cheapness and availability of the drug in any pharmacy;

5. There are many analogues containing clarithromycin;

6. Good tolerance.

Disadvantages:

1. The need to take twice a day (some macrolides are taken only once a day);

2. Lack of injection forms;

3. Restriction of admission during pregnancy due to toxic effects on the fetus.

Roxithromycin

Semi-synthetic analogue of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin. It has a bacteriostatic effect, slowing down the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Advantages:

1. Predominant activity against gram-positive pathogens, which allows it to be used as a first-line drug in the complication of a cold with various diseases of the upper respiratory tract;

2. The presence of tablet forms and powder for the preparation of a suspension, which allows it to be used in pediatric practice.

Disadvantages:

1. Not distributed in pharmacies;

2. Increased hepato- and nephrotoxic effect;

3. On the background of the reception, nausea often occurs.

Clacid

A proprietary analogue of the semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin. Has a bacteriostatic effect.

Advantages:

1. A very wide spectrum of antibacterial action against rod, coccal flora, both gram-positive and gram-negative, including atypical pathogens;

2. High degree of purification of active components;

3. High concentration and predominant accumulation in the lung tissue and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, which makes it a first-line drug or an alternative antibiotic when the common cold is complicated by infections of these localizations;

4. Wide distribution in the pharmacy network;

5. The presence of packages with different dosages and number of tablets.

Disadvantages:

1. There are no injectable forms of administration;

2. Incompatibility with many medications.

Fusidin

Not released in the original under this name. A drug containing fusidin – fucidin.

Advantages:

1. Very strong bacteriostatic effect, which allows the use of the drug in cases of especially long-term and severe infections;

2. The spectrum of action against microorganisms is quite targeted and includes antibiotic-resistant staphylococci and other gram-positive pathogens;

3. It is an exclusively alternative antibiotic in both adults and children, which is prescribed according to strict indications.

Disadvantages:

1. Fairly expensive;

2. Side effects and toxic effects on internal organs;

3. It is strictly contraindicated during pregnancy due to a pronounced toxic effect on the fetal liver.

Avelox

A powerful antibacterial drug from the group of the latest generation of fluoroquinolones. It is a proprietary analogue of moxifloxcin, which acts as an active ingredient.

Advantages:

1. Powerful and fast bactericidal effect;

2. High activity against almost all known bacterial and non-bacterial, atypical pathogens, with the exception of viruses;

3. Creation of high concentration in all tissues and cavities of the body;

4. Primary excretion by the kidneys, which allows its use in kidney infections against the background of a cold;

5. The presence of injection forms and tablets, which allows the use of the drug in the form of stepwise therapy.

Disadvantages:

1. Toxic effect on the liver and kidneys, which limits its use in case of damage to these organs;

2. Toxic effect on a growing organism, and therefore the drug is contraindicated in pediatric practice;

3. Lack of possibility of intramuscular injection;

4. Against the background of taking the drug, nausea, vomiting and other unpleasant sensations often occur.

Moxifloxacin

Original fluoroquinolone preparation of the 4th generation with a bactericidal type of action.

Advantages:

1. A wide antibacterial spectrum in relation, complicated by various infections, colds;

2. One-time daily dose;

3. Relative affordability in relation to price if it is necessary to use highly active antibiotics;

Disadvantages:

1. Sufficiently high toxicity and side effects;

2. Contraindicated for use in pediatric and obstetric practice;

3. No injectables. But moxifloxacin can be replaced by another branded analogue containing this active ingredient (avelox).

Ciprofloxacin

Refers to an antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone family of the 2nd generation.

Advantages:

1. Broad antibacterial spectrum of action;

2. Relatively few side effects;

3. Good portability;

4. Availability of injection and tablet forms;

5. Cheapness and availability in the pharmacy network;

6. It can be used as a first-line drug for infections of any localization against the background of a cold.

Disadvantages:

1. Despite the mild action and the minimum number of side effects, it is contraindicated in pediatric and obstetric practice;

2. Cannot be administered intramuscularly;

3. Requires two doses (some fluoroquinolones are administered only once a day).

Consequences of taking antibiotics

The result of taking antibacterial agents can be not only the complete elimination of the problem, but also the undesirable consequences of their detrimental effect on body tissues.

They may be due to:

1. The appointment of antibiotic therapy is not indicated;

2. Incorrect selection of a specific drug;

3. The presence of contraindications or warnings in the patient, which were not taken into account when drawing up the treatment plan;

4. Incorrect dose support, multiplicity of rules for taking;

5. The toxic effect of the active and additional components of the antibiotic;

6. Individual intolerance or reaction of the body to any antibacterial agents;

7. The death of normal microflora, on which the antibiotic acts in the same way as on pathogenic microorganisms;

8. Weakening of the immune forces of the body;

9. Activation of conditionally pathogenic flora against the background of these changes.

The possible consequences of antibiotic therapy are given in the form of a table: