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Anemia is a pathology of hematopoiesis, which refers to a state of moderate severity. In the people, this disease is better known as anemia. The most common is anemia of the 2nd degree. This violation is manifested by a whole complex of various symptoms. Both adults and children are prone to anemia.
Why does grade 2 anemia develop?
Moderate anemia develops against the background of a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood. It is hemoglobin that is responsible for gas exchange in the body, carrying oxygen to organs and tissues, from which it removes carbon dioxide, which is a product of processing. The result of hemoglobin deficiency is organ hypoxia, that is, their oxygen starvation. As a result, they are unable to perform their functions normally.
Anemia of the second degree can be provoked by various reasons, among which:
Nutritional errors. If a person receives less iron from food, then this can provoke the development of anemia. The frequency of occurrence of this type of disorder is reduced in people who treat their diet carefully, thinking through their own menu in accordance with the rules of proper nutrition.
Violation of the digestive system and various diseases of the digestive tract lead to the fact that iron from food cannot be fully absorbed into the blood. The more severe the disease, the faster the anemia will progress.
Chronic bleeding is a common factor in the development of anemia.
It is the lack of such an important microelement as iron in the body that causes anemia. At the same time, it may simply not come from food, or it may be difficult for the body to absorb.
The pathogenesis of anemia is quite simple. First, a lack of iron develops in the body, this entails a deficiency of hemoglobin with further hypoxia of the internal organs.
Symptoms of anemia 2 degrees
Many people, noticing an increase in fatigue and a decrease in efficiency, think about what this means in an adult and how to restore their physical activity. To begin with, you should listen to your body and figure out if it gives any other signals that may indicate anemia of the 2nd degree.
In addition to constant fatigue, this disorder can be expressed by the following symptoms:
General malaise.
Weakness that is not associated with physical exertion.
Increased heart rate, disruption of its rhythm.
Shortness of breath, respiratory failure.
The appearance of noise in the ears.
Dizziness, which is accompanied by the appearance of small spots before the eyes and a sharp darkening of the eyes.
Depression and apathy.
Taste perversions in which a person has a desire to eat foods that are not characteristic of a normal diet, for example, clay or earth.
The skin becomes very pale, possibly yellowing. There are bruises under the eyes.
The liver and spleen may increase in size.
With anemia of the second degree, the hemoglobin level drops to 70-90 g / l.
What does a person feel with anemia of the second degree?
The general well-being of a person is deteriorating, which is characterized by the following disorders:
All the usual work that a person previously performed, now becomes extremely difficult for him. This is due to increased weakness and fatigue. In addition, tachycardia and shortness of breath contribute to the deterioration of well-being, which are especially noticeable after physical exertion. The heart is forced to work in an enhanced mode in order to provide organs suffering from hypoxia with blood containing oxygen.
Depression intensifies as the quality of life continues to decline. Noise may appear in the ears, dizziness attacks occur from time to time, sleep worsens, concentration and memory suffer.
Appetite is lost or distorted. Any dishes seem unpleasant in taste, they want to be replaced with something unusual, for example, chalk or flour.
The appearance of a person suffers: the skin becomes pale and dry, cracks appear on the lips, “seizures” form in the corners of the mouth, which are characterized by a long course.
As the disease progresses, a person begins to suffer from edema, since in addition to problems with the heart, he has disorders in the work of the kidneys.
Of course, all the described malfunctions in the body do not occur at one moment, they progress gradually, along with how the course of anemia worsens.
Diagnosis of anemia of the 2nd degree
To determine what to do next with your health, a person should not independently, but with the help of a specialist. During the first examination, the doctor may suspect anemia in the patient.
However, assumptions alone are not enough, so the patient is prescribed a comprehensive examination, which will include:
A general urine test, which will allow you to estimate the amount of excreted bilirubin.
A blood test that allows you to evaluate the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Many readers will be interested in when anemia of the 2nd degree is diagnosed, that is, a low hemoglobin level is how much? If its values fall below the mark of 90 mg / l, but not below 70 mg / l, then such indicators indicate moderate iron deficiency anemia.
A biochemical blood test allows you to determine the level of free hemoglobin and bilirubin.
Ultrasound of the internal organs is performed to assess their condition. As a rule, with the second degree of anemia, the liver and spleen increase in size, pathological changes in the kidneys, intestines and stomach are possible.
Women visit a gynecologist who diagnoses the reproductive system. Sometimes anemia develops against the background of uterine bleeding.
FGDS of the stomach and intestines allows you to identify hidden internal bleeding.
A bone marrow biopsy is performed to assess his condition. This procedure is prescribed if anemia is severe.
How to treat anemia of the 2nd degree?
To get rid of anemia of the 2nd degree of severity, the patient is placed in a hospital, although outpatient therapy is sometimes practiced. First of all, it is necessary to identify the cause that led to a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood.
Basic principles for the treatment of anemia of moderate severity:
Detection of the source of bleeding and its elimination, if any.
Taking iron supplements. The dose and the specific medicine are selected on an individual basis.
Appointment of vitamin and mineral complexes.
Blood transfusion is performed when drugs fail to raise the level of hemoglobin.
In severe cases, hormonal drugs are used.
Also, cardinal methods of treatment include removal of the spleen and bone marrow transplantation.
Most often, anemia of the 2nd degree is accompanied by a deficiency of B vitamins. Therefore, the patient may be shown the introduction of vitamins B12 and B6. In addition, Folic acid and Ascorbic acid are administered orally. The dose is selected by the doctor, he also determines the duration of treatment.
Useful articles on the restoration of hemoglobin in the blood:
List of iron preparations for the treatment of anemia
Diet and proper nutrition for anemia
TOP 5 foods to increase hemoglobin in the blood
Which doctor should I contact for anemia?
Diet therapy for anemia grade 2
Treatment must be supplemented with diet.
The diet includes foods such as:
Animal liver, red meat.
Beans.
Fresh fruits and vegetables.
Dairy drinks.
Dried fruits and nuts.
Juices: pomegranate, tomato, orange, apple and beet.
Chocolate and cocoa.
Be sure the patient should spend a sufficient amount of time outdoors, taking walks, if health permits. You should adjust the daily routine, minimize stress and anxiety.
As a rule, anemia of the 2nd degree responds well to therapeutic effects if the treatment is carried out by specialists.