THEalbumin is the most abundant protein (60%) in the blood. It is made by hepatocytes (liver cells), but can also come from food (it is found for example in egg white or in milk).

Albumin plays a major role in maintaining the oncotic blood pressure (osmotic pressure due to proteins).

It is also considered to be the main transport protein in the blood. It transports endogenous and exogenous substances which are small in size and which, on their own, would be eliminated by the kidneys, including:

• hormones (especially fat soluble hormones)

• bilirubin

• calcium

• fatty acids

• medication

• electrolytes

The blood albumin or albuminemia test is prescribed to screen for liver or kidney disease. It is also used to check the amount of protein in the blood. The doctor may order a test for albumin if he suspects an abnormality in the concentration of certain electrolytes, such as calcium. In the presence of edema, an albumin assay may also be required.

A blood test for albumin is prescribed by a doctor, in the hospital or during a consultation. The examination consists of taking venous blood, most of the time at the fold of the elbow.

Ratesalbumin, total protein and globulins are usually measured in parallel.

The level of albumin can also be measured in the urine (albuminuria) if necessary.

The normal level of albumin in the blood should be between 3,4 and 5,4 g / dl (grams per deciliter), in men and women. Note that normal albumin values ​​may vary slightly depending on the laboratory in which the test is performed.

Only a doctor can interpret the results and conclude a diagnosis.

Among the causes ofa low level of albumin (hypoalbuminemia) in the blood, include:

• kidney damage

• liver disease: cirrhosis, hepatitis, ascites

• undernutrition (insufficient protein intake)

• inflammatory disease 

• edemas
• situations of loss of body fluid, such as nephrotic syndrome or extensive burns

• excessive excretion by the kidneys

• an exudative enteropathy: inflammatory disease characterized by an intolerance to certain elements such as gluten, a loss through the digestive tract of substances such as proteins or immunoglobulins. Crohn’s disease and iliac disease are among these pathologies.

• pregnancy

• eczema

On the contrary, have a high level of albumin in the blood may be a sign of:

• dehydration

• diabetes insipidus

• prolonged efforts