Thirty years ago there were reports of a new deadly disease that quickly took on the scale of the epidemic. Initially, it was believed that it affects only homosexuals and drug addicts, but it soon turned out that this disease also affects people with hemophilia. Today, most new infections involve heterosexual contact. Although it does not arouse so many emotions anymore, the HIV virus is still present among us.
The emergence of a new disease prompted the initiation of intensive research into the cause of the disease, as well as the ways of transmission, diagnosis and treatment.
- sexual contacts
- blood derivative
- vertical – from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding
- risky sexual contacts: multiple sexual partners, casual sex, use of paid sex, not using condoms, sex after drugs and alcohol
- drug use, especially through the venous route
- children of HIV-infected mothers
- cutting yourself with sharp objects, such as a needle, scalpel, etc., which are contaminated with blood, infected persons – health care workers, policemen and municipal guards are particularly vulnerable
Prevention
- blood donor testing
- the use of disposable equipment or the sterilization of reusable equipment in hospitals, treatment rooms, beauty salons or tattoos
- handing out single-use needles to drug addicts
- limiting the number of partners to one or sexual abstinence
- the use of condoms significantly reduces the number of infections, but does not eliminate the risk (damage to the condom)
- lowering the risk of infection of a child from a woman with HIV + includes: the use of cART therapy in a pregnant woman, scheduled cesarean section, prohibition of breastfeeding, prophylactic administration of antiretroviral drugs to the newborn
- indirectly: conducting educational campaigns
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