The adrenal glands are two small endocrine glands, located directly above the kidneys, responsible for the proper hormonal balance in the body. About 90% of the gland’s weight is made up of the adrenal cortex, the remainder is the adrenal medulla
The adrenal cortex is responsible for the secretion of hormones necessary to maintain the body’s water and electrolyte balance, especially the levels of sodium and potassium (aldosterone), and those responsible for increasing blood glucose levels in severe stress situations (cortisol, also known as the stress hormone). The cortex of the adrenal gland also produces small amounts of sex hormones (androgens).
The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, the most important of which are adrenaline, norepinephrine and dopamine. Adrenaline is constantly secreted from the core in small amounts. Stressful situations such as anger and fear cause a rapid discharge of adrenaline into the blood.