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Acute renal failure is a rapidly developing disease syndrome. The reasons for the occurrence of this disease are not clear. Acute renal failure is manifested by a change in urine output, polyuria or oliguria, with weakness, nausea and vomiting. What are the causes of this condition? What other symptoms may there be?
Acute renal failure – characteristics
Acute kidney failure is a sudden decrease in kidney function. It is characterized by an increase in blood creatinine levels, often accompanied by a decrease in the amount of urine excreted below 500 ml per day. Acute kidney failure is called ONN and has a wide variety of causes. Suddenly, the functioning of the kidneys deteriorates, which causes too much metabolic waste to accumulate in the body. Acute kidney failure is fatal, and survivors often fully return to normal kidney function.
Acute renal failure symptoms
The main symptoms of acute renal failure are reduced eye output or complete stoppage. Oliguria (daily excretion of less than 400 ml of urine per day) or anuria (daily excretion of less than 100 ml of urine per 24 hours) occur – they occur some time after the factor causing acute nerve failure, these symptoms usually last several days. The second symptom is polyuria (excretion of more than 3 liters of urine per day) – it occurs after a period of limited urine output, may last up to several weeks and lead to a serious loss of significant amounts of water and valuable electrolytes. Other symptoms of acute renal failure include diarrhea, vomiting, severe infections, haemorrhage, dehydration, burns, shock, weakness, heart failure, and loss of appetite. These symptoms depend on the underlying medical condition that caused your acute kidney failure. Another symptom of acute kidney failure is joint pain or rash, which are seen in interstitial nephritis. In this situation, dyspnea and pulmonary edema may also appear. And the whole body. If the disease is a consequence of toxic kidney damage (e.g. with methyl alcohol); you will experience nervous or gastrointestinal symptoms first. These cases may indicate acute renal failure, then you should immediately see a doctor for consultation.
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Causes of acute renal failure
A very large group of different factors can lead to the occurrence of ARF, therefore, for easier understanding of the causes of the disease, they have been divided into 3 main groups of causes of acute renal failure:
- decreased blood flow through the kidneys;
- damage to the kidney parenchyma;
- obstruction of the outflow of urine from the kidneys.
The first group of causes includes those factors that cause a disturbance in the blood supply to the kidneys and lead to the impairment of their functions. Reduction in blood volume due to blood loss (haemorrhage) or dehydration (diarrhea, vomiting, burns). This also includes a drop in blood pressure due to severe heart failure (insufficient pump function of the heart) or shock (insufficient blood volume in relation to the width of the vascular bed). It can lead to irreversible damage to the kidneys when the reduced amount of blood flow through the kidneys is significant or lasts a long time.
In the second case, i.e. as a result of damage to the renal parenchyma, their normal function is lost, and the kidneys are ischemic as a result of reduced blood flow. The most common damage is to the renal tubules, as they are most sensitive to oxygen deficiency. Toxic agents such as drugs and alcohol can also damage the renal tubule.
The third cause is mainly disturbance in the outflow of urine produced in the kidneys. If urine cannot pass freely, then the kidneys are damaged. This may be due to obstruction of the ureters due to kidney stones. There may be pressure on the ureter from the outside, e.g. by a tumor. Urethral obstruction (e.g. the presence of a foreign body, urethral trauma) or diseases of the prostate gland, e.g. prostate, may occur.
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