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A flat roof is the best option for small buildings. But when it comes to spacious buildings in the most windy regions of the country, you will definitely need a hipped roof for a gazebo. It is the best protection of external walls from any manifestations of bad weather.
Features and types of construction
The main feature of the design is the absence of gables, due to which it is not necessary to take into account the wind rose in the work. The combination of trapezoidal and triangular slopes contributes to better drainage. With proper installation of materials, the roof is able to withstand a 4-meter layer of snow. And if you slightly reduce the hips, the attic space will become a cozy place to relax with children.
Optimum stiffness values are achieved by angular ribs. Therefore, even if the wind gusts reach the most critical levels (from 75 to 90 m / s), the hip structure does not deform. Volumetric overhangs protect the outer surfaces of buildings from rain. And since the hipped roof retains its attractive appearance for many years, it is a win-win option for connoisseurs of the most original architectural forms.
Depending on the location of the support boards and the valley, a complex structure can be:
- Classic with straight rafters. The stiffeners and overhangs are on the same level here.
- Hipped, outwardly resembling a pyramid or a polygon with the same sides. There are also no pediments here, and the cornice overhang runs along the entire perimeter of the gazebo. If there is a load-bearing wall, it is better to install the rafters in a layered way. This will help avoid a lot of pressure on the walls.
- Chinese with upturned corners. In this case, the roof is supported by a central pillar, so tremors are not able to violate the integrity of the structure. If you rely on the data of detailed drawings, such a roof can be built by hand in about 5 days.
- Danish with a trapezoidal pediment.
- Hip with a large number of rays. This is the best solution for octagonal buildings.
Video “How to build a summer gazebo”
From this video you will learn how to build a summer gazebo with your own hands.
Roofing material options
As with a flat roof, the choice of materials depends on the composition of the products and their performance. For example, euroslate demonstrates good resistance to mechanical stress. It can withstand up to 280 kg of snow per 1 sq. m of surface. In work, it is better to use multi-colored sheets 200 cm long. The optimal width of products is from 95 cm and above.
Dark shades of slate reflect up to 45% of direct rays, while light materials, on the contrary, attract heat. If the building is located on the north side, where the sun looks no more than 3 hours a day, it is acceptable to use translucent sheets.
The soft tile in comparison with ceramic absorbs noise better. This material is characterized by increased resistance to sudden temperature changes, moisture and ultraviolet radiation. If we talk only about installation, the list of advantages should be supplemented by the fast installation of complex roofs, ease of transportation and minimal waste.
Form stability of products is possible due to cellulose. Maintainability provides modified bitumen. Unlike ceramic tiles, the flexible coating is more impact resistant, which is especially important for the most rainy regions of the country. Among them: Severo-Kurilsk, Moscow and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Greater viability in any climate is shown by tiles covered with several layers of protective dressing.
Supporters of transparent structures are advised to make a polycarbonate roof. In winter, the material retains heat well and transmits up to 95% of natural light. Light honeycombs can be processed with power tools and improvised means, and the optimal thickness of the sheets (from 35 to 40 mm) guarantees one hundred percent protection from the weather.
How to assemble with your own hands
First of all, it is necessary to choose the optimal angle of inclination of the roof. To this end, it is important to take into account not only the total amount of precipitation for the year, but also the windiness of the regions. For example, in Pevek in Chukotka, the wind speed often reaches 45 m/s, so the angle of inclination should not be less than 55°. In less windy St. Petersburg and Gelendzhik, this figure can be reduced to 35°.
Further steps on the construction of a four-pitched roof are best considered in detail:
- First you need to make a drawing of the future structure indicating the location and dimensions of the rafters, puffs, racks, wind beams and Mauerlat.
- Build a base to evenly distribute the load on the outer surfaces of the building.
- Install the hydrobarrier and fix the Mauerlat.
- Lay the supporting structural elements on the load-bearing partitions.
- Make a crate.
- Fix the frame with self-tapping screws.
- Cover the roof with ondulin or polycarbonate.
When starting to install a hipped roof, do not forget to prepare the hanging rafters. Their ends can be processed at right angles, vertically or horizontally. At the end of the work, fill the wind boards and prepare the crate for the roofing material. The optimal distance between the pillars is 90–120 cm. For large indicators, you will have to install jibs.
Drills, hammers, galvanized nails, self-tapping screws and saws with sharp teeth are useful in the work. If the assembly of the most important elements is carried out at a height, it is important to stock up on a ladder and safety ropes in a timely manner. For installation, only pre-processed materials are suitable.
For example, low-grade wood species are not the best option for capital construction. But if there are no other ideas, you will have to cut out the core or layers adjacent to it. Logs processed from all sides are a source of quality beams.
So that the material does not collapse ahead of time, it should be treated with special glue or lime. To increase the refractoriness, fire retardant treatment is required. An electronic calculator will help determine the exact amount of materials.
Rafters
Rafter forms are best formed on the ground. Then they can be lifted to a height with a construction crane. If this is not possible, try to assemble the structure directly on the roof. Elements based on the internal corners of the building are called diagonal. They are longer than standard beams by about 30 cm. And since it is on the layered rafters that the main load falls, in order to avoid destructive processes, they will have to be strengthened by connecting several boards.
Horizontal racks and slopes contribute to the same goal. The optimal length of the rafters is 7 m. When starting the self-assembly of the system, it is important to remember:
- paired boards withstand greater loads than solid logs of the same diameter;
- beams and rafters are supposed to be knocked down from identical materials;
- with a beam length of 8 to 9,5 m, additional racks are not needed, another thing is 5-meter products that require the installation of a sprengel;
- when using 12-meter boards, intermediate supports will be needed;
- Staples, galvanized nails and clamps are ideal for fastening elements of various shapes.
The device of the truss system of a hipped roof at full employment takes from several days to several weeks.
Покрытие
From polymeric materials, it is better to choose keramoplast. This group of coatings includes euroslate and metal tiles. Light weight products – about 5 kg per 1 sq. m of surface – contributes to the rapid installation of impact-resistant sheets. They are dyed in all the colors of the rainbow at the production stage, thereby increasing the resistance to fading.
Ondulin withstands wind loads and temperature changes well. Since the material does not deteriorate under the action of acid rain, it is convenient for them to cover roofs in industrial regions. The minimum shelf life of such structures often exceeds 25 years.
Recently, consumers have begun to show greater interest in seam roofing. The main advantage of this coating is the tightness of the joints, due to which the roofing cake does not deteriorate under the influence of atmospheric phenomena. Light sheets with a thickness of no more than 0,5 mm reduce the load on the rafters, and their perfectly smooth surface provides high-quality drainage.
In arbors with barbecues, it is better to cover the hipped roof with composite tiles. The basis of the material are steel sheets, resistant not only to thermal, but also to chemical influences from the outside. This is the best option for a broken and multifaceted roof.