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For a long time it was believed that Mendeleev saw his periodic table in a dream. These rumors bothered Dmitry Ivanovich during his lifetime. And the chemist exploded: “All my life I have been collecting and putting knowledge on the shelves, and you think – everything is so simple ?!” 145 years later, the editorial staff of Woman’s Day selected Mendeleev’s top 20 most important chemical discoveries. In our subjective female opinion, of course. These are the elements that help us to be beautiful every day.
Hydrogen (hair clarifier)
Symbol: N
Atomic number: 1
Opened by: Henry Cavendish (England)
The first and most important element of the periodic table. Almost everything in the universe consists of it. With rare exceptions.
But more important for us is that without this light and colorless gas there would be much less blondes. After all, only 3 percent are natural now in the world. For the rest, hydrogen peroxide helps mask. It lightens hair, banishing natural color from it. And then you can apply any paint option like on a blank sheet of paper. Or stay with a bright head.
And hydrogen, with a slight movement of the chemist’s hand, turns into ammonia. In the old days, it was considered quite normal that beauties fainted. Constantly. Will you buy a fur coat? No! And she is already sliding down the wall. Well, or the corset is too tight, you can’t breathe at the ball. So, to bring the maiden to her senses, ammonia helps a lot.
Symbol: C
Atomic number: 6
Discovered by: unknown ancient man
Hydrogen’s cousin. It is also present in almost all major chemical compounds. Nail polish remover is where we meet most often.
But this pales before the main advantage of carbon: in its solid form, it is called diamond. Then they polish it beautifully – you get a diamond. Every girl’s best friend (if you believe Marilyn Monroe and group «VIA Gra»). It is this pebble that since ancient times people have agreed to sell to each other for very big money. Because it decorates by itself. Moreover, every single young lady dreams that when the handsome prince falls on his knees in front of her right from the white horse and proposes to become his wife … So, at this moment there should be a diamond on the ring. It doesn’t count otherwise.
And carbon lurks in the dentist’s chair. You remember that beauty requires sacrifice, and once every six months you have to go to the dentist. Drill attachments are diamond coated. To feel the beauty of the moment when they are w-w-w-w-w-w.
Beryllium (emeralds and aquamarines)
Symbol: Be
Atomic number: 4
Opened by: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (France)
Until we have gone far from diamonds – here are some more gems for you! The ore from which beryllium is mined comes in a variety of colors. Bright green minerals are rare, but emeralds are made from them. And from the more common blues, aquamarines are obtained. They may not be girls’ best friends, but they are certainly good buddies.
Otherwise, beauties are not on the way with beryllium. Although it is present in watches and cell phones. But when you are late for a date, because you didn’t look at your watch in time … Agree, you won’t answer your mobile phone calls either.
Symbol: Si
Atomic number: 14
Discovered by: Jens Jakob Berzelius (Sweden)
This is what helped the monkey become human. The main trend of the Stone Age – primitive beauties made the most fashionable spears and axes from it.
And now, mostly chest. Silicone implants are silicon: both the elastomer shell and the gel inside. Of course, science has not proven that an increase in size somehow affects the attractiveness of a girl. But practice shows: yes, it does.
Fear not – no silicon deficit is expected. A quarter of the entire planet Earth consists of it, enough for everyone.
And more recently, silicone has been added to shampoos to envelop your hair, add shine and – again – volume.
Just don’t try to go to Silicon Valley for beauty. They make all sorts of clever stuffing for computers from silicon. And instead of tanned rescuers Malibu – boring nerds. With low self-esteem.
Symbol: Na
Atomic number: 11
Opened by: Humphrey Davy (England)
The best friend of cleanliness. It is part of almost everything you have in your bathroom. Toothpaste? Yes, he left a useful trail here. Shampoo? Of course, there is also. Toilet soap? Of course, dear, why are you asking …
And sodium lauryl sulfates foam perfectly. Therefore, it is added to most hair masks, foams and lotions to cleanse the skin. Moidodyr is his middle name.
The third name is also familiar to you. This is baking soda (scientifically called sodium bicarbonate). It is added to the dough to make the muffins thicker. What does beauty have to do with it? But learn how to bake cupcakes, and you will become even more attractive to men. You will shorten the path to the heart of any of them. Twice!
And sodium is also stuffed into filters of ladies’ cigarettes (long and thin). But it is better not to get acquainted with this manifestation of it. Smoking girls certainly does not paint. Better give it up, okay ?!
Symbol: N
Atomic number: 7
Opened by: Daniel Rutherford (Scotland)
If you watch movies from Hollywood, you probably saw how some gas instantly freezes some villainous robot or villainous alien creature. And then Will Smith easily breaks the enemy into small pieces. So this gas is nitrogen. And it really freezes everything down to -196 ° C. But slowly. Even freezing a mobile phone will take three hours. The cyborg will have time to escape. In short, Hollywood is lying.
But! Nylon and nylon are obtained from nitrogen (more precisely, from polyamides). That is, thanks to him for the fishnet stockings and other fashionable things. And also for the strings for the guitar – on them worthy caballeros play serenades under the balconies of beauties. Well, for a fishing line … When you want to take a break from the caballero for a couple of days, give him a fishing rod.
Well, for a sweet tooth, this fact: nitric oxide helps to squeeze the whipped cream out of the can.
Bismuth (pearlescent nail polish)
Symbol: Bi
Atomic number: 83
Discovered by: Jabir ibn Hayyan (Iran)
Amazing metal. It is much denser in liquid form than in solid form. It is also attracted to both ends of the magnet.
In the Middle Ages, alchemists thought that bismuth was a type of lead. And it was from him that they tried to make gold, it shone very pleasantly in the sun.
It is important for girls to know: it is bismuth oxychloride that is added to nail polish to create a pearlescent effect. Also, His Lordship can be found in lip gloss and eyeshadow. A very versatile element.
It is radioactive by nature, but it will only start to “fond” after billions of years. So put on your makeup just fine.
Symbol: Zn
Atomic number: 30
Discovered by: unknown ancient man
Again, metal, but edible in places. Taking it orally in small doses is useful not only for the Terminators. If you, for example, have a girl’s memory, forget about important meetings, then your body lacks zinc. Begin gnawing seeds as soon as possible, as well as bran and wheat germs. There it is contained in abundance.
For beauty, this element is useful twice. Firstly, if acne suddenly appears (pah-pah-pah), zinc ointment will help you. Zinc oxide generally disinfects everything, keep in mind.
And secondly, zinc chloride plays a significant role in the manufacture of microfiber. Why is there a role, he is more important in this process than Volochkova for Russian ballet. Once a hundred. And they make quite comfortable underwear from microfiber. Which can beautify any blonde. And the brunette too.
Aluminum (mirror and nail file)
Symbol: Al
Atomic number: 13
Opened by: Hans Christian Oersted (Denmark)
There is a legend that a year before our era a simple blacksmith came to the emperor Tiberius (this is Ancient Rome). And he brought a plate made of light, durable and shiny metal. He boasted: only me and the gods can make such beauty. Then Tiberius killed him with lions. So that you don’t compete with the gods. And the secret of aluminum processing was lost until the XNUMXth century.
Many useful inventions for beauties are associated with this metal. Perhaps the most important are pocket mirrors. Those that are in powder boxes and are simply folding. Amalgam (reflective surface) was made of aluminum, as well as a lightweight but durable body.
And that is not all. The file in your manicure set contains aluminum oxide, a fine powder that gently sharpens both natural and artificial nails.
Symbol: Fe
Atomic number: 26
Discovered by: unknown ancient man
Men are very fond of tinkering with pieces of iron (whose hands grow from where it is necessary). But why do girls need it? Especially for beauty?
But it turns out that it is simply necessary. You just can’t breathe without it. Iron is part of hemoglobin and carries oxygen throughout the body. Right down to the brain. But this is a fact known from school.
Then a new fact: it has already been proven that the daily intake of iron in men is 10 mg. For women, it is twice as much. During pregnancy, even three times!
Important: normal (without traffic jams and accidents) movement of oxygen through the cells smoothes wrinkles and improves skin color.
So lean on apples, beets and hematogen. Health and beauty will come. And living with them is more fun.
Symbol: Cr
Atomic number: 24
Opened by: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (France)
Anything shiny and stainless that surrounds you is almost certainly associated with it. Take nail scissors or cross-stitch needles. Metal irreplaceable in the business of beauty.
Chromium is contained in our body and – for a minute! – helps control cholesterol. It also helps women lose weight – it is present in most pills and dietary supplements for weight loss.
Although at times it can be quite nasty. The film about Erin Brockovich, for which Julia Roberts was given an Oscar, is based on real events. There, greedy capitalists poisoned the unfortunate citizens with some villainous varieties of chromium. But you need to throw tons of metal into the river. And in those doses that are contained in a manicure set, there is nothing dangerous.
Symbol: Hg
Atomic number: 80
Discovered by: unknown ancient man
The most liquid of all metals. In the periodic table, it is designated as Hydrargyrum – an ancient Greek word translated as “silver water”. But modern chemists use the name Mercury. It was under the influence of chemistry that the young British singer Freddie once took the pseudonym Mercury. After all, he was fast and agile on stage, like drops of mercury from a broken thermometer.
By the way, only in thermometers this element of the Periodic system still remains. Although they are trying to replace them with electronic ones – nevertheless, mercury vapors are life-threatening.
Not so long ago, women of fashion took a pretty risk – wearing felt hats like playing Russian roulette. Headdresses were made of rabbit fluff or beaver hair, and to make the fluffs better fall off and hug each other more closely, the hats were combed with a comb dipped in mercury. The Hatter, breathing in harmful vapors, went crazy (remember Alice’s friends from Wonderland). And their clients complained to her husband about a headache. Constantly.
But now everything is much better. And felt has long been synthetic. And the lead singer of the Queen group managed to rehabilitate at least a little the chemical namesake. Still, Freddie wrote so many beautiful songs for girls – listen with bated breath.
And don’t lie to your husband that your head hurts.
Titanium (piercing jewelry)
Symbol: Ti
Atomic number: 22
Opened by: William Gregor (England)
What do a submarine, body armor, and a piercing in your belly button have in common? The piercing jewelry is almost certainly made of titanium. Because it is more useful than gold and silver in this matter.
There are two versions after whom the metal got its name:
- Because in the myths of Ancient Greece, the younger gods were called so (not as cool as Zeus and his brothers).
- And in Shakespeare’s comedy, the fairy queen was called Titania.
You will laugh, but quite respectable scientists are still arguing on this topic.
Half of all the element number 22 mined in the world goes to paint production. Yes, regular white paint. And if someday you want to paint the bedroom blue, and then paint a cloud at the head of the bed, then there will be more titanium in your life.
And romantic dreams.
Symbol: Ag
Atomic number: 47
Discovered by: unknown ancient man
Welcome to the precious part of the periodic table! Here precious metals – the further, the more expensive. Rings and bracelets, earrings and chains … These are classics of the genre.
All young ladies love table silver: it adds show-off to any lunch or dinner. And some are sure that with such knives and forks, food is tastier and healthier.
Silver iodide helps to disperse the clouds during the holidays so that the beautiful girls can take their lazy boyfriends out for a walk.
The country Argentina is also named after this element (there were many mines there).
Well, just remember for every fireman – a silver bullet saves you from werewolves.
Symbol: Au
Atomic number: 79
Discovered by: unknown ancient man
Do you remember we recently talked about a prince, a diamond and getting married? I hope you agree that the perfect ring should be exactly gold ?! Excellent. The test is passed. You already know everything about gold. Like any other girl. This is innate, I guess.
Let’s go further.
Symbol: Pt
Atomic number: 78
Discovered by: Antonio de Ulloa (Spain)
Once upon a time, the Spanish conquerors brought this metal from America. But in Europe, all the merchants twisted their noses and said: oh well, some kind of nonsense. Even the name “platinum” is offensive, it translates as “silver”. Pirates did not rob ships with such a load, why would they need this cheap stuff. And then all of a sudden the counterfeiters began to make money out of platinum and cover it with gold on top. The king of Spain then banned its import altogether, and tons of beautiful metal were drowned in the Atlantic.
But counterfeit money prompted jewelers to think: if platinum is similar to gold in all respects, does not rust, does not tarnish and does not dissolve in acid … So, jewelry can be made from it. And sell for big money. Since the king created a deficit in such a timely manner …
Platinum, among other things, is a non-allergenic metal. That is, absolutely.
Symbol: Cl
Atomic number: 17
Discovered by: Karl Wilhelm Scheele (Sweden)
We got to the sexiest element of the Periodic Table. Could the old man Mendeleev think, when he was drawing the sign, that one day erotic costumes made of polyvinyl chloride for role-playing games would come into fashion ?! I agree, I could think. But making clothes for Catwoman a century and a half ago was unrealistic. And the sex life was not so liberated.
We also have to thank this gas for the opportunity to listen to music from vinyl records (in the days of your dad it was cooler than CDs). They carried a lot of gorgeous music on their tracks. And the sound, as all connoisseurs admit, was better in quality than modern, digital.
Chlorine also disinfects water – in your kitchen taps and swimming pools.
Symbol: Li
Atomic number: 3
Discovered by: Johann Arfvedson (Sweden)
When you feel sad and melancholy, you need to drink mineral water. Because there is lithium carbonate in there. And this chemical compound is great for treating depression. And it increases pep.
With the name of the element, a mistake came out: in Greek “lithos” – stone. In fact, lithium is a metal (albeit soft enough). But when all these nuances became clear, scientists somehow got used to the wrong name. Like any child with a funny name, by the end of the second grade, he already gets used to stupid nicknames and stops responding to them.
For beauty, lithium is also of great benefit: it is used to bleach fabrics. The textile industry rules!
Symbol: Ca
Atomic number: 20
Opened by: Humphrey Davy (England)
All humans and most animals should thank calcium for its strong bones and teeth. And if everything is in order with them, then a smile will always adorn your face.
And when you need a chemical peel and deep cleansing – again, call calcium for help (only chloride). It also helps to tighten the skin and smooth wrinkles.
Symbol: F
Atomic number: 9
Discovered by: Henri Moissan (France)
The most unpleasant of all elements – his very name translates as “harm.” And we wouldn’t even remember him today. But! If you use hairspray, then you are familiar with this monster. Without it, no styling will work.
And although you now understand that every puff from an aerosol can harms the environment, and you yourself …
But beauty requires sacrifice, right ?!