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Sudan, Vietnam or Iran cannot now be called developed countries, and they, by the way, are among the most ancient on Earth. Thousands of years ago, the first settlements appeared on their territory, cities began to be built and a culture was formed. What is the oldest country in the world? Find out from this article.
10 Armenia, 190 BC
Ancient Armenia, located in the South Caucasian region of Eurasia, was inhabited in the Neolithic era, but its first recorded state was the kingdom of Urartu from the 9th century BC. During the dynasties of Artaxias and Arsacida, the country prospered, but often found itself between the ambitions of Parthia and Rome, and then the Sassanids and the Byzantine Empire. The state’s borders have varied considerably over the centuries, but common factors such as religion and language have been held together by dynastic clans that have given Armenia a unique identity throughout history.
9. Korea, 300 BC
The first recognizable political state on the territory of modern Korea was Gojoson, who existed in the second half of the first millennium BC. From the 1st century BC until the 7th century AD the peninsula was dominated by the kingdoms of Baekje, Goguryeo, and Silla, as well as the Gaya confederation during a period known as the Three Kingdoms period. Silla, with significant help from China, eventually conquered all other Korean states and formed the United Kingdom of Silla. From the 10th century AD The peninsula was ruled by the kingdom of Goryeo until Korea’s independence was ended by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century CE.
8. Sri Lanka, 377 BC
The largest and oldest of all ancient cities Sri lanka, Anuradhapura, originated over 2000 years ago, with palaces and huge dagobas, up to nine stories high, a main processional avenue 24 km long and richly decorated mansions of Sinhalese nobles and wealthy foreign merchants.
Founded by King Pandukhabaya in 437 BC, by the middle of the 1rd century. BC. the glory of Anuradhapura spread to the Roman-Hellenistic world of the Mediterranean, and by the 20st century AD. she established trade and diplomatic ties with China. The treasures of Jetavana unearthed over the past XNUMX years (some of which are now on display in the partially completed Jetavanarama Museum) testify to close ties to the east and west.
7. Japan, 660 BC
First historical period Japan is the Jomon period, which is dated. 660 BC (although the start and end dates for this period are disputed). The name of the period comes from the distinctive pottery produced at that time, the oldest vessels in the world, which have a simple rope decoration. It is the appearance of this pottery that marks the end of the previous period, the Paleolithic era (30 years ago), when people lost land bridges from mainland Asia to the northern and southern Japanese islands. They then spread to the four main islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, and eventually to the several hundred smaller islands that make up Japan.
6. Sudan, 1 BC
The Kushites are the ancestors of the modern people Sudan. The inhabitants of Kush farmed along the Nile Valley, creating one of the world’s earliest civilizations. According to the Biblical Table of Nations, the Kushites are the descendants of Ham, the son of Noah. After the intense migration of the Arab population to Sudan, starting from the fourteenth century AD, many Arab tribes settled and intermarried with the local population. Because most of the immigrants were male, and because Arabs follow a patreline tradition (i.e., children take on the identity of their fathers), most Sudanese today identify themselves as Arabs.
5. China, 1 BC
Long before a recognizable civilization appeared in the region, the land was occupied by hominids. Peking Man (skull fossil) discovered in 1927 near Beijing (China) lived in the area between 700 and 000 years ago, and the Yuanmou Man, whose remains were found in 200, inhabited the earth 000 million years ago. The evidence unearthed from these finds shows that these early inhabitants knew how to make stone tools and use fire.
4. Vietnam, 2 BC
About 2 years ago people in the North Vietnam began to grow rice in the Red River Valley. To irrigate their crops, they built dikes and dug canals. They were forced to work together and an organized kingdom called Van Lang emerged. However, in the 2nd century BC, the Chinese conquered the area. The Chinese have ruled northern Vietnam for over 1000 years, and Chinese civilization has had a great influence on the Vietnamese.
However, there was Indian influence in South Vietnam. From the 1st century to the 6th century AD, the southernmost part of Vietnam was part of a state called Funan. In the middle of Vietnam in the 2nd century AD, the Indian state of Champa arose. In North Vietnam, people resented Chinese rule, and in 40 AD, the Trung sisters led a rebellion. They formed an independent state. However, in 43 AD. the Chinese crushed the rebellion, and the sisters committed suicide. The Chinese continued to rule North Vietnam until the 10th century. Finally, in 938, a leader named Ngo Quyen defeated the Chinese at the Battle of the Bach Dang River and North Vietnam became an independent nation.
3. Greece, 3 BC
Ancient Greek history is best understood by dividing it into periods of time. The region was already inhabited and agriculture was started in the Paleolithic era, as evidenced by finds in the caves of Petralona and Frankti (two of the oldest human dwellings in the world). The Neolithic Age (c. 6000 – c. 2900 BC) is characterized by permanent settlements (mainly in the northern Greece), domestication of animals and the further development of agriculture.
Archaeological finds in northern Greece (Thessaly, Macedonia and Sesklo) suggest a migration from Anatolia in the sense that ceramic cups, bowls and figures found there have qualities characteristic of the Neolithic in Anatolia. These inland settlers were mostly farmers, as northern Greece was more favorable for agriculture than other lands in the region.
2. Egypt, 3 BC
Egypt has a long history that goes far beyond the written word, the stories of the gods, or the monuments that made the culture famous. Evidence of grazing in the land that is now the Sahara Desert dates back to around 8000 BC. This evidence, along with the discovered artifacts, points to a flourishing agricultural civilization in the region at that time. Since the land was mostly arid, even then hunter-gatherer nomads sought the coolness of a source of water in the Nile River valley and began to settle there sometime before 6000 BC.
1. Iran, 3 BC
Persia (modern Iranlisten)) is one of the oldest settlements in the world, where the oldest country originated. Archaeological excavations in the country have created human habitation dating back to 100 years before the Paleolithic, with semi-permanent settlements (for hunting groups) established before 000 BC. The ancient kingdom of Elam in the area was one of the most advanced of its time (its oldest settlement, the archaeological site of Choga Bonut, dates back to 10 BC) before parts of it were conquered by the Sumerians and later by the Assyrians and then the Medes.