The main edible mushrooms growing here are: boletus, aspen mushrooms (in a small amount), butter mushrooms, pepper mushrooms, russula and sulfur-yellow tinder fungus.

Boletus mushrooms occupy the most important place among edible mushrooms. These are mushrooms with mostly brown caps of different shades, grayish-white decorated with a pattern of black strokes in the lower part “to match the birch” legs and a creamy-white spongy layer; High Quality. Many people naively believe that boletus trees grow only under birch trees. But this is far from true. There are not many of them under the birch trees. They grow freely throughout the meadow mixed low forest; most of all they happen: under white poplars, willows, aspens, in swampy areas. Others think whatever you want about them: aspen mushrooms, even porcini mushrooms. But: aspen mushrooms really grow only in aspen forests (under aspens) and are characterized by a hat of red shades [rarely, which grow in other places – pine, blood red]; porcini mushrooms must simultaneously have a thick stem and not change the color of the flesh on the cut / break. Yes, young boletus trees actually resemble white ones in their appearance, but, acquiring a rich turquoise (green color) color on the cut, they speak for themselves. Individuals can reach enormous sizes. So, at the end of September of this year, I found a completely suitable mushroom with a cap diameter of more than 20 cm and a weight of more than half a kilo. I want to warn you: do not be greedy and pick overripe mushrooms. They have an unpleasant putrid smell and taste, and can ruin their honorable reputation with those who come across it. There are about a dozen varieties of the genus. So, the common boletus (the best representative) really grows only under birch trees, and the rest (gray boletus (hornbeam), black, harsh, marsh (white), blackening …) – in quite other places. It should be remembered that boletus mushrooms are mushrooms that mainly grow separately, and therefore they still need to be looked for.

Boletus – larger and denser mushrooms than boletus. They grow a little in the described area. They also exist within a dozen varieties. So, I found: red boletus (orange-red hat), red-brown (brown-red hat), rarely white (cream hat). At the beginning of June of this year, I found one blood-red boletus under an oak tree: the stem is very thick, but loosely hollow inside, the cap is reddish-brown.

Boletus and boletus (boletus) bear fruit from late May to early October; peak – end of August – September.

BUTTER – mushrooms are small, but: delicate in taste and fragrant, they grow in small families – and they can also be decently dialed. The mushroom, unlike its predecessors described above, is very moisture-loving. Among the butterflies and boletus mushrooms, there is also a red flywheel: a very small mushroom, mostly about 4 cm in diameter. The butterflies grow from July to September.

PEPPER BRUSH – a mushroom that grows in huge quantities and grows to an impressive size. Fresh, when chewed, it becomes extremely hot – along with chili peppers, hence the name. It can be consumed after 3 days of soaking and boiling salted and pickled. (You can also use it as a dried powder – as a seasoning.) But this mushroom is of very low quality, and not everyone likes the taste.

There are also a lot of RUSUSULES growing – more between aspens and pines: blue-green (a hat is grayish-turquoise), beautiful (a hat is red with white veins and zones, bitter in taste), less often yellow, white … But russula is a mushroom that is far from the best taste indicators , and even has one negative objective property: it crumbles heavily during transportation. Therefore, I recommend picking mushrooms only in the absence or lack of the best: boletus, boletus, oil. Russula can be stewed, fried, pickled, salted.

Tinder fungus SULFUR YELLOW is a parasitic fungus that grows on stumps and trunks, mainly willows. He, young, of high taste qualities: the fruiting body is tender, in aroma and texture resembles chicken meat. Can grow up to 5 – 7 kg. Occurs quite often. The old mushroom becomes tougher, and its nutritional performance drops significantly.

Among edible mushrooms, small quantities also grow: dung beetles, puffballs, champignons, cobwebs, pink volushki (in blackberry thickets), lacquers, flakes, even saffron mushrooms and some other mushrooms.

Edible mushrooms of the cold period (October, November) – poplar row, winter honey agaric (flamulina) and autumn honey agaric. But more about them in the next issue.

Many poisonous mushrooms also grow among mushrooms: red and panther fly agaric, thin pig, pale grebe (!), As well as little-known poisonous mushrooms.

PALE TOADS, or, scientifically, Amanita GREEN, is quite common. Look, do not confuse it with edible mushrooms !!! I also do not advise destroying it, because it is also part of nature, and it also plays an important role in ecosystems. There are individuals masquerading as champignons. (There are also other, similar, fly agarics: spring, white smelly.) And if the cut mushroom, mistaken for champignon, has white plates, not colored ones (from pink to chocolate), – without any hesitation, throw it out ! There were dozens of such facts in my life.

As for the THIN PIG (in our people they are spoken by poachers, pigs), this is also an unsafe mushroom. They contain, like the red fly agaric, muscarine, and, in addition, an antigen protein that destroys red blood cells and adversely affects the kidneys. The pig is thin and indeed for a long time was considered conditionally edible, but, according to the latest laboratory data and the facts of poisoning and even death due to its fault, since 1981 it has been recognized as poisonous. But even today, many mushroom pickers ignore this. Yes, I understand – firstly, the mushroom is quite large and grows in large quantities, and secondly, the fatal consequences of using it for food do not occur for everyone and not immediately – after years. But, nevertheless, it must be remembered that it can turn out to be a time bomb and, with its constant use, at a certain moment, create irreversible. Therefore, I earnestly ask everyone and everyone: do not be greedy, collect other, reliable mushrooms; Remember, God saves the safe.

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